Atlantooccipital joint anatomy test
Evaluate knowledge of atlantooccipital joint anatomy. The test evaluates its topography, biomechanics, muscles, blood supply, and innervation.
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1. What type of joint by the shape of the articular surfaces is the atlantooccipital joint?
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Ball-and-socket
The atlantooccipital joint is condylar (ellipsoid), formed by the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the atlas.
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Ellipsoid (condylar)
The atlantooccipital joint is condylar (ellipsoid), formed by the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the atlas.
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Cylinder-shaped
The atlantooccipital joint is condylar (ellipsoid), formed by the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the atlas.
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Flat
The atlantooccipital joint is condylar (ellipsoid), formed by the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the atlas.
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I find it difficult to answer
The atlantooccipital joint is condylar (ellipsoid), formed by the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the atlas.
2. What anatomical structures form the articular surfaces of the atlantooccipital joint?
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Occipital condyles and superior articular pits of the atlas
The joint is formed by the articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the first cervical vertebra.
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Mandible and temporal bone
The joint is formed by the articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the first cervical vertebra.
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Dens of the axis and anterior arch of the atlas
The joint is formed by the articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the first cervical vertebra.
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Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
The joint is formed by the articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the first cervical vertebra.
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I find it difficult to answer
The joint is formed by the articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular pits of the first cervical vertebra.
3. Which ligament (membrane) is analogous to the ligamenta flava in the atlantooccipital joint?
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Anterior longitudinal ligament
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas, analogous to the ligamenta flava. flava.
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Cruciform ligament of the atlas
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas, analogous to the ligamenta flava. flava.
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Alar ligament.
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas, analogous to the ligamenta flava. flava.
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Posterior atlantooccipital membrane
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas, analogous to the ligamenta flava. flava.
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I find it difficult to answer
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas, analogous to the ligamenta flava. flava.
4. Which muscle flexes the head (flexion) at the atlantooccipital joint during bilateral contraction?
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Rectus posterior major capitis muscle
The rectus capitis anterior (m. rectus capitis anterior) flexes the head during bilateral contraction.
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Splenius capitis muscle
The rectus capitis anterior (m. rectus capitis anterior) flexes the head during bilateral contraction.
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Anterior rectus capitis muscle
The rectus capitis anterior (m. rectus capitis anterior) flexes the head during bilateral contraction.
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Inferior oblique muscle of the head
The rectus capitis anterior (m. rectus capitis anterior) flexes the head during bilateral contraction.
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I find it difficult to answer
The rectus capitis anterior (m. rectus capitis anterior) flexes the head during bilateral contraction.
5. Which movement is IMPOSSIBLE at the atlantooccipital joint?
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Flexion of the head
Rotation of the head primarily occurs in the median atlantoaxial joint; rotation is impossible in the atlantooccipital joint.
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Rotation (ротация) of the head
Rotation of the head primarily occurs in the median atlantoaxial joint; rotation is impossible in the atlantooccipital joint.
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Head extension
Rotation of the head primarily occurs in the median atlantoaxial joint; rotation is impossible in the atlantooccipital joint.
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Lateral tilt of the head
Rotation of the head primarily occurs in the median atlantoaxial joint; rotation is impossible in the atlantooccipital joint.
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I find it difficult to answer
Rotation of the head primarily occurs in the median atlantoaxial joint; rotation is impossible in the atlantooccipital joint.
6. Which artery's pool mainly supplies blood to the atlantooccipital joint?
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Vertebral artery
The joint is supplied by branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and occipital artery.
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Internal carotid artery
The joint is supplied by branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and occipital artery.
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Facial artery
The joint is supplied by branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and occipital artery.
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Maxillary artery
The joint is supplied by branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and occipital artery.
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I find it difficult to answer
The joint is supplied by branches of the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and occipital artery.
7. What anatomical structure penetrates the posterior atlantooccipital membrane?
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Occipital artery
The vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass through an opening in the lateral part of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
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Internal jugular vein
The vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass through an opening in the lateral part of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
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Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
The vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass through an opening in the lateral part of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
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Greater occipital nerve
The vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass through an opening in the lateral part of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
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I find it difficult to answer
The vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve pass through an opening in the lateral part of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
8. Which nerve innervates the muscles of the suboccipital group acting on the atlantooccipital joint?
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Greater occipital nerve
The suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis), the posterior branch of the first spinal nerve, innervates these muscles.
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Lesser occipital nerve
The suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis), the posterior branch of the first spinal nerve, innervates these muscles.
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Accessory nerve
The suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis), the posterior branch of the first spinal nerve, innervates these muscles.
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Suboccipital nerve (dorsal branch C1)
The suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis), the posterior branch of the first spinal nerve, innervates these muscles.
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I find it difficult to answer
The suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis), the posterior branch of the first spinal nerve, innervates these muscles.
9. Where does the lateral rectus capitis muscle attach, facilitating a lateral tilt in the joint?
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To the mastoid process of the temporal bone
The rectus capitis lateralis (m. rectus capitis lateralis) originates from the transverse process of the atlas and attaches to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
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To the jugular process of the occipital bone
The rectus capitis lateralis (m. rectus capitis lateralis) originates from the transverse process of the atlas and attaches to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
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To the external occipital protuberance
The rectus capitis lateralis (m. rectus capitis lateralis) originates from the transverse process of the atlas and attaches to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
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To the nuchal ligament
The rectus capitis lateralis (m. rectus capitis lateralis) originates from the transverse process of the atlas and attaches to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
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I find it difficult to answer
The rectus capitis lateralis (m. rectus capitis lateralis) originates from the transverse process of the atlas and attaches to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
10. What structure forms the superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle?
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Inferior oblique muscle of the head
The superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major. rectus capitis posterior major.
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Rectus posterior major capitis muscle
The superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major. rectus capitis posterior major.
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Obliquus superior capitis muscle
The superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major. rectus capitis posterior major.
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Longissimus capitis muscle
The superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major. rectus capitis posterior major.
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I find it difficult to answer
The superior medial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major. rectus capitis posterior major.
11. Innervation of the atlantooccipital joint capsule is primarily provided by branches of:
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Trigeminal nerve.
The joint capsule is innervated by the anterior branch of the spinal nerve C1 (n. cervicalis I).
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Anterior branch of the first cervical spinal nerve
The joint capsule is innervated by the anterior branch of the spinal nerve C1 (n. cervicalis I).
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Vagus nerve.
The joint capsule is innervated by the anterior branch of the spinal nerve C1 (n. cervicalis I).
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Sympathetic trunk
The joint capsule is innervated by the anterior branch of the spinal nerve C1 (n. cervicalis I).
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I find it difficult to answer
The joint capsule is innervated by the anterior branch of the spinal nerve C1 (n. cervicalis I).
12. Which venous structure directly receives blood from the atlantooccipital joint area?
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Cavernous sinus
Venous drainage from the joint and surrounding muscles is conducted to the vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales).
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Internal jugular vein
Venous drainage from the joint and surrounding muscles is conducted to the vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales).
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Vertebral venous plexus
Venous drainage from the joint and surrounding muscles is conducted to the vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales).
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Facial vein
Venous drainage from the joint and surrounding muscles is conducted to the vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales).
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I find it difficult to answer
Venous drainage from the joint and surrounding muscles is conducted to the vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales).
13. Which of the listed muscles does NOT participate in extending the head at the atlantooccipital joint?
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Obliquus superior capitis muscle
The anterior rectus capitis muscle is a flexor, whereas the other listed muscles extend the head.
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Rectus posterior minor capitis muscle
The anterior rectus capitis muscle is a flexor, whereas the other listed muscles extend the head.
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Rectus posterior major capitis muscle
The anterior rectus capitis muscle is a flexor, whereas the other listed muscles extend the head.
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Anterior rectus capitis muscle
The anterior rectus capitis muscle is a flexor, whereas the other listed muscles extend the head.
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I find it difficult to answer
The anterior rectus capitis muscle is a flexor, whereas the other listed muscles extend the head.
14. To which part of the occipital bone does the anterior atlantooccipital membrane attach?
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Basilar part
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the anterior arch of the atlas and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
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Squamous part of the occipital bone
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the anterior arch of the atlas and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
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Jugular process
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the anterior arch of the atlas and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
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Occipital condyle
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the anterior arch of the atlas and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
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I find it difficult to answer
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane stretches between the anterior arch of the atlas and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
15. In which groove does the vertebral artery pass directly before penetrating the posterior atlantooccipital membrane?
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Groove for transverse sinus
The vertebral artery lies in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas.
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Groove for sigmoid sinus
The vertebral artery lies in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas.
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Groove for vertebral artery on the atlas
The vertebral artery lies in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas.
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Groove for inferior petrosal sinus
The vertebral artery lies in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas.
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I find it difficult to answer
The vertebral artery lies in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis on the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas.
16. Which nerve exits between the occipital bone and atlas in the region of the vertebral artery?
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Lesser occipital nerve
The suboccipital nerve (C1) exits the vertebral canal between the occipital bone and the atlas, passing under the vertebral artery.
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Suboccipital nerve (C1).
The suboccipital nerve (C1) exits the vertebral canal between the occipital bone and the atlas, passing under the vertebral artery.
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Greater occipital nerve (C2).
The suboccipital nerve (C1) exits the vertebral canal between the occipital bone and the atlas, passing under the vertebral artery.
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Third occipital nerve (C3)
The suboccipital nerve (C1) exits the vertebral canal between the occipital bone and the atlas, passing under the vertebral artery.
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I find it difficult to answer
The suboccipital nerve (C1) exits the vertebral canal between the occipital bone and the atlas, passing under the vertebral artery.
17. Which muscle forms the lateral boundary of the suboccipital triangle?
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Obliquus superior capitis muscle
The lateral boundary of the trigonum suboccipitale is formed by the superior oblique muscle of the head (m. obliquus capitis superior).
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Inferior oblique muscle of the head
The lateral boundary of the trigonum suboccipitale is formed by the superior oblique muscle of the head (m. obliquus capitis superior).
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Splenius colli muscle.
The lateral boundary of the trigonum suboccipitale is formed by the superior oblique muscle of the head (m. obliquus capitis superior).
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Sternocleidomastoid muscle
The lateral boundary of the trigonum suboccipitale is formed by the superior oblique muscle of the head (m. obliquus capitis superior).
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I find it difficult to answer
The lateral boundary of the trigonum suboccipitale is formed by the superior oblique muscle of the head (m. obliquus capitis superior).
18. Which statement is true regarding the small posterior rectus capitis muscle?
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It attaches to the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
The rectus capitis posterior minor (m. rectus capitis posterior minor) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and attaches to the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
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It originates from the spinous process of the axis
The rectus capitis posterior minor (m. rectus capitis posterior minor) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and attaches to the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
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It rotates the head to the opposite side
The rectus capitis posterior minor (m. rectus capitis posterior minor) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and attaches to the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
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It is innervated by the vagus nerve
The rectus capitis posterior minor (m. rectus capitis posterior minor) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and attaches to the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
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I find it difficult to answer
The rectus capitis posterior minor (m. rectus capitis posterior minor) originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas and attaches to the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
19. Which artery, alongside the vertebral artery, participates in supplying blood to the structures of the suboccipital region?
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Ascending pharyngeal artery
The occipital artery (a. occipitalis), a branch of the external carotid artery, gives off a descending branch supplying the suboccipital muscles.
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Occipital artery
The occipital artery (a. occipitalis), a branch of the external carotid artery, gives off a descending branch supplying the suboccipital muscles.
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Superficial temporal artery
The occipital artery (a. occipitalis), a branch of the external carotid artery, gives off a descending branch supplying the suboccipital muscles.
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Posterior auricular artery
The occipital artery (a. occipitalis), a branch of the external carotid artery, gives off a descending branch supplying the suboccipital muscles.
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I find it difficult to answer
The occipital artery (a. occipitalis), a branch of the external carotid artery, gives off a descending branch supplying the suboccipital muscles.
20. Which ligament limits excessive lateral flexion in the atlantooccipital joint?
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Alar ligament.
The lateral atlantooccipital ligament (lig. atlantooccipitale laterale) stretches between the transverse process of the atlas and the jugular process of the occipital bone, stabilizing the joint.
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Posterior longitudinal ligament
The lateral atlantooccipital ligament (lig. atlantooccipitale laterale) stretches between the transverse process of the atlas and the jugular process of the occipital bone, stabilizing the joint.
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Lateral atlantooccipital ligament
The lateral atlantooccipital ligament (lig. atlantooccipitale laterale) stretches between the transverse process of the atlas and the jugular process of the occipital bone, stabilizing the joint.
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Transverse ligament of atlas.
The lateral atlantooccipital ligament (lig. atlantooccipitale laterale) stretches between the transverse process of the atlas and the jugular process of the occipital bone, stabilizing the joint.
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I find it difficult to answer
The lateral atlantooccipital ligament (lig. atlantooccipitale laterale) stretches between the transverse process of the atlas and the jugular process of the occipital bone, stabilizing the joint.
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