SYSTEM

Cartilaginous joints of the vertebral column.

Anatomy test on sacrococcygeal connections

Evaluate your knowledge of sacrococcygeal anatomy. The test assesses the structure of ligaments, the topography of the joint, its type, and its role during childbirth.

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1. To what type of bone junctions does the sacrococcygeal joint belong (in most cases in young people)?

Syndesmosis

The sacrococcygeal joint most often represents a symphysis, as there is a small slit-like cavity in the intervertebral disc.
Synchondrosis

The sacrococcygeal joint most often represents a symphysis, as there is a small slit-like cavity in the intervertebral disc.
Diarthrosis

The sacrococcygeal joint most often represents a symphysis, as there is a small slit-like cavity in the intervertebral disc.
Symphysis

The sacrococcygeal joint most often represents a symphysis, as there is a small slit-like cavity in the intervertebral disc.
I find it difficult to answer

The sacrococcygeal joint most often represents a symphysis, as there is a small slit-like cavity in the intervertebral disc.

2. Which ligament is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint level?

Ventral sacrococcygeal ligament

The ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface and is a direct continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface and is a direct continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface and is a direct continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

The ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface and is a direct continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface and is a direct continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament.

3. The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament is analogous to which structure of the vertebral column?

Intercordial ligaments

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament stretches between the lateral sacral crest and the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra, being analogous to intertransverse ligaments.
Interspinous ligaments

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament stretches between the lateral sacral crest and the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra, being analogous to intertransverse ligaments.
Intertransverse ligaments

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament stretches between the lateral sacral crest and the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra, being analogous to intertransverse ligaments.
Ligamenta flava

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament stretches between the lateral sacral crest and the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra, being analogous to intertransverse ligaments.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament stretches between the lateral sacral crest and the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra, being analogous to intertransverse ligaments.

4. Which ligament stretches between the edges of the sacral hiatus and the posterior surface of the coccyx, covering the hiatus sacralis?

Ventral sacrococcygeal ligament

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus, stretching from the edges of the hiatus sacralis to the posterior surface of the coccyx.
Superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus, stretching from the edges of the hiatus sacralis to the posterior surface of the coccyx.
Deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus, stretching from the edges of the hiatus sacralis to the posterior surface of the coccyx.
Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus, stretching from the edges of the hiatus sacralis to the posterior surface of the coccyx.
I find it difficult to answer

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus, stretching from the edges of the hiatus sacralis to the posterior surface of the coccyx.

5. Which nerve passes through the opening formed by the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament?

Posterior ramus of the fifth sacral nerve

The anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve exits through the opening between the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament and the edge of the sacrum.
Pudendal nerve

The anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve exits through the opening between the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament and the edge of the sacrum.
Coccygeal nerve

The anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve exits through the opening between the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament and the edge of the sacrum.
Anterior ramus of the fifth sacral nerve

The anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve exits through the opening between the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament and the edge of the sacrum.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve exits through the opening between the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament and the edge of the sacrum.

6. Which ligament is a direct continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine?

Deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The deep dorsal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, being a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament

The deep dorsal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, being a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Ventral sacrococcygeal ligament

The deep dorsal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, being a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

The deep dorsal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, being a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The deep dorsal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, being a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

7. Between which anatomical structures is the intervertebral disc of the sacrococcygeal junction formed?

Base of the sacrum and apex of the coccyx

The articulation occurs between the articular surfaces of the sacral apex and the base of the first coccygeal vertebra.
Apex of the sacrum and base of the coccyx

The articulation occurs between the articular surfaces of the sacral apex and the base of the first coccygeal vertebra.
Sacral and coccygeal cornua

The articulation occurs between the articular surfaces of the sacral apex and the base of the first coccygeal vertebra.
Lateral parts of the sacrum and transverse processes of the coccyx

The articulation occurs between the articular surfaces of the sacral apex and the base of the first coccygeal vertebra.
I find it difficult to answer

The articulation occurs between the articular surfaces of the sacral apex and the base of the first coccygeal vertebra.

8. Into which tissue does the sacrococcygeal symphysis most often transform in older men?

Into hyaline cartilage

With age, especially in men, cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, and fusion (synostosis) of the sacrum with the coccyx occurs.
Into the synovial membrane

With age, especially in men, cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, and fusion (synostosis) of the sacrum with the coccyx occurs.
Into bone tissue (synostosis)

With age, especially in men, cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, and fusion (synostosis) of the sacrum with the coccyx occurs.
Into elastic tissue

With age, especially in men, cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, and fusion (synostosis) of the sacrum with the coccyx occurs.
I find it difficult to answer

With age, especially in men, cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, and fusion (synostosis) of the sacrum with the coccyx occurs.

9. Which bone structures of the sacrum and coccyx are connected by ligaments that are remnants of articular processes?

Sacral and coccygeal cornua

The sacral and coccygeal cornua (cornua) are remnants of articular processes and are connected by bundles of dorsal ligaments.
Transverse processes

The sacral and coccygeal cornua (cornua) are remnants of articular processes and are connected by bundles of dorsal ligaments.
Spinous processes

The sacral and coccygeal cornua (cornua) are remnants of articular processes and are connected by bundles of dorsal ligaments.
Vertebral bodies

The sacral and coccygeal cornua (cornua) are remnants of articular processes and are connected by bundles of dorsal ligaments.
I find it difficult to answer

The sacral and coccygeal cornua (cornua) are remnants of articular processes and are connected by bundles of dorsal ligaments.

10. The superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament is homologous...

Posterior longitudinal ligament

This ligament is located superficially over the sacral canal, corresponding to the level of the yellow, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments of the upper sections.
Anterior longitudinal ligament

This ligament is located superficially over the sacral canal, corresponding to the level of the yellow, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments of the upper sections.
Intertransverse ligaments

This ligament is located superficially over the sacral canal, corresponding to the level of the yellow, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments of the upper sections.
Yellow and interspinous ligaments

This ligament is located superficially over the sacral canal, corresponding to the level of the yellow, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments of the upper sections.
I find it difficult to answer

This ligament is located superficially over the sacral canal, corresponding to the level of the yellow, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments of the upper sections.

11. What feature of the intervertebral disc of the sacrococcygeal junction distinguishes it from the upper discs?

Complete absence of the fibrous ring

In the intervertebral disc of this joint, most people have a slit-like cavity, which is why it is classified as a symphysis.
Frequent presence of a slit-like cavity in the center

In the intervertebral disc of this joint, most people have a slit-like cavity, which is why it is classified as a symphysis.
Presence of fully developed hyaline cartilage

In the intervertebral disc of this joint, most people have a slit-like cavity, which is why it is classified as a symphysis.
Containment of exclusively elastic cartilage

In the intervertebral disc of this joint, most people have a slit-like cavity, which is why it is classified as a symphysis.
I find it difficult to answer

In the intervertebral disc of this joint, most people have a slit-like cavity, which is why it is classified as a symphysis.

12. Where does the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament attach on the coccyx?

To the apex of the coccyx

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament connects the lateral sacral crest and the rudimentary transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra.
To the anterior surface of the bodies of the coccygeal vertebrae

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament connects the lateral sacral crest and the rudimentary transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra.
To the rudiment of the transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament connects the lateral sacral crest and the rudimentary transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra.
To the coccygeal cornua

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament connects the lateral sacral crest and the rudimentary transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament connects the lateral sacral crest and the rudimentary transverse process of the first coccygeal vertebra.

13. What is the physiological motion in the sacrococcygeal joint that contributes to the expansion of the birth canal?

Coccygeal backward deviation.

During childbirth, the coccyx passively bends backwards by 1.5-2 cm, increasing the direct size of the pelvic outlet.
Flexion (bending) of the sacrum

During childbirth, the coccyx passively bends backwards by 1.5-2 cm, increasing the direct size of the pelvic outlet.
Lateral bending of the coccyx

During childbirth, the coccyx passively bends backwards by 1.5-2 cm, increasing the direct size of the pelvic outlet.
Rotation of the coccyx around the vertical axis.

During childbirth, the coccyx passively bends backwards by 1.5-2 cm, increasing the direct size of the pelvic outlet.
I find it difficult to answer

During childbirth, the coccyx passively bends backwards by 1.5-2 cm, increasing the direct size of the pelvic outlet.

14. Which structures directly limit the sides of the lower aperture of the sacral canal at the level of conjoining with the coccyx?

Lateral sacral crests

The sacral hiatus (hiatus sacralis), representing the lower exit opening of the sacral canal, is laterally delimited by sacral cornua.
Median sacral crest

The sacral hiatus (hiatus sacralis), representing the lower exit opening of the sacral canal, is laterally delimited by sacral cornua.
Body of the first coccygeal vertebra

The sacral hiatus (hiatus sacralis), representing the lower exit opening of the sacral canal, is laterally delimited by sacral cornua.
Sacral cornua

The sacral hiatus (hiatus sacralis), representing the lower exit opening of the sacral canal, is laterally delimited by sacral cornua.
I find it difficult to answer

The sacral hiatus (hiatus sacralis), representing the lower exit opening of the sacral canal, is laterally delimited by sacral cornua.

15. Where is the deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament located relative to the sacral canal?

Covers the bodies of the vertebrae ventrally

The deep dorsal ligament is homologous to the posterior longitudinal ligament and is located on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies, lining the anterior wall of the sacral canal.
Lies on the posterior surface of the bodies of the fifth sacral and first coccygeal vertebrae, forming the floor of the distal segment of the sacral canal

The deep dorsal ligament is homologous to the posterior longitudinal ligament and is located on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies, lining the anterior wall of the sacral canal.
Positioned superficially under the skin, covering the canal posteriorly

The deep dorsal ligament is homologous to the posterior longitudinal ligament and is located on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies, lining the anterior wall of the sacral canal.
Stretches between the transverse processes

The deep dorsal ligament is homologous to the posterior longitudinal ligament and is located on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies, lining the anterior wall of the sacral canal.
I find it difficult to answer

The deep dorsal ligament is homologous to the posterior longitudinal ligament and is located on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies, lining the anterior wall of the sacral canal.

16. What statement about the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament is true?

It is a paired ligament

The ventral (anterior) sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx, being analogous to the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Consists of two bundles crossing the midline

The ventral (anterior) sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx, being analogous to the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the connection

The ventral (anterior) sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx, being analogous to the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Penetrates into the sacral canal

The ventral (anterior) sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx, being analogous to the anterior longitudinal ligament.
I find it difficult to answer

The ventral (anterior) sacrococcygeal ligament is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx, being analogous to the anterior longitudinal ligament.

17. The fusion of the sacrum and coccyx (synostosis) occurs less frequently and later in individuals of which sex, and what is it related to?

In men, due to higher physical load

In women, the sacrococcygeal joint retains mobility longer, as coccyx deviation is necessary for the normal course of labor.
In women, due to hormonal changes during menopause

In women, the sacrococcygeal joint retains mobility longer, as coccyx deviation is necessary for the normal course of labor.
In men, due to the characteristics of the male pelvic structure

In women, the sacrococcygeal joint retains mobility longer, as coccyx deviation is necessary for the normal course of labor.
In women, allowing necessary mobility during childbirth

In women, the sacrococcygeal joint retains mobility longer, as coccyx deviation is necessary for the normal course of labor.
I find it difficult to answer

In women, the sacrococcygeal joint retains mobility longer, as coccyx deviation is necessary for the normal course of labor.

18. Which pelvic floor muscle closely adheres with its fibers and partially interweaves into the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament?

Coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus)

The coccygeus muscle is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely adheres to the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament, interweaving partially into it.
Levator ani muscle (m. levator ani)

The coccygeus muscle is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely adheres to the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament, interweaving partially into it.
Piriformis muscle (m. piriformis)

The coccygeus muscle is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely adheres to the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament, interweaving partially into it.
Obturator internus muscle (m. obturatorius internus)

The coccygeus muscle is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely adheres to the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament, interweaving partially into it.
I find it difficult to answer

The coccygeus muscle is located on the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely adheres to the ventral sacrococcygeal ligament, interweaving partially into it.

19. What anatomical structure is located immediately posterior to the superficial dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament?

Rectum

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus posteriorly, above which are only the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue of the sacrococcygeal region.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue of the intergluteal fold

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus posteriorly, above which are only the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue of the sacrococcygeal region.
Sacral plexus

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus posteriorly, above which are only the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue of the sacrococcygeal region.
Dura mater of the spinal cord

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus posteriorly, above which are only the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue of the sacrococcygeal region.
I find it difficult to answer

The superficial dorsal ligament covers the sacral hiatus posteriorly, above which are only the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue of the sacrococcygeal region.

20. In the formation of which anatomical space does the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament participate, delimiting it alongside adjacent bony edges?

Greater sciatic foramen

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament closes the opening between the lateral part of the sacrum and the rudiment of the transverse process of the coccyx, through which the anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve passes.
Inferior pelvic aperture

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament closes the opening between the lateral part of the sacrum and the rudiment of the transverse process of the coccyx, through which the anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve passes.
Foramen for the passage of the anterior branch of the V sacral nerve

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament closes the opening between the lateral part of the sacrum and the rudiment of the transverse process of the coccyx, through which the anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve passes.
Obturator foramen.

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament closes the opening between the lateral part of the sacrum and the rudiment of the transverse process of the coccyx, through which the anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve passes.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral sacrococcygeal ligament closes the opening between the lateral part of the sacrum and the rudiment of the transverse process of the coccyx, through which the anterior branch of the fifth sacral nerve passes.