Anatomy test of back muscles

Assess your knowledge of back muscle anatomy. The test evaluates their topography, attachment points, functions, fasciae, innervation, and weak areas.

1/20

1. Which muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (n. accessorius)?

Latissimus dorsi muscle

The trapezius muscle receives motor innervation from the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and sensory from the cervical plexus.
Trapezius muscle

The trapezius muscle receives motor innervation from the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and sensory from the cervical plexus.
Rhomboid major muscle

The trapezius muscle receives motor innervation from the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and sensory from the cervical plexus.
Levator scapulae.

The trapezius muscle receives motor innervation from the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and sensory from the cervical plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The trapezius muscle receives motor innervation from the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and sensory from the cervical plexus.

2. To which anatomical structure does the latissimus dorsi muscle attach?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the crest of the lesser tubercle (crista tuberculi minoris) of the humerus.
Coracoid process of the scapula

The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the crest of the lesser tubercle (crista tuberculi minoris) of the humerus.
Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the crest of the lesser tubercle (crista tuberculi minoris) of the humerus.
Spine of the scapula

The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the crest of the lesser tubercle (crista tuberculi minoris) of the humerus.
I find it difficult to answer

The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the crest of the lesser tubercle (crista tuberculi minoris) of the humerus.

3. Where does the rhomboid major muscle originate?

Spinous processes of Th2-Th5 vertebrae

The rhomboid major muscle originates from the spinous processes of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae.
Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

The rhomboid major muscle originates from the spinous processes of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae.
Spinous processes of C6-C7 vertebrae

The rhomboid major muscle originates from the spinous processes of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae.
Spinous processes of Th6-Th12 vertebrae

The rhomboid major muscle originates from the spinous processes of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae.
I find it difficult to answer

The rhomboid major muscle originates from the spinous processes of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae.

4. Which back muscle forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation (trigonum auscultationis)?

Rhomboid major muscle

The trapezius forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation, the lateral being the medial border of the scapula, and the inferior being the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Medial border of scapula

The trapezius forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation, the lateral being the medial border of the scapula, and the inferior being the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Latissimus dorsi muscle

The trapezius forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation, the lateral being the medial border of the scapula, and the inferior being the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Trapezius muscle

The trapezius forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation, the lateral being the medial border of the scapula, and the inferior being the latissimus dorsi muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

The trapezius forms the medial border of the triangle of auscultation, the lateral being the medial border of the scapula, and the inferior being the latissimus dorsi muscle.

5. Which muscle belongs to the deep autochthonous back muscles?

Splenius capitis muscle

The splenius capitis is a deep autochthonous muscle of the back, innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Serratus posterior inferior muscle

The splenius capitis is a deep autochthonous muscle of the back, innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Levator scapulae.

The splenius capitis is a deep autochthonous muscle of the back, innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Latissimus dorsi muscle

The splenius capitis is a deep autochthonous muscle of the back, innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
I find it difficult to answer

The splenius capitis is a deep autochthonous muscle of the back, innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.

6. Which muscles form the lateral tract of the deep back muscles?

Transversospinal muscles

The lateral tract of the deep back muscles is represented by the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae).
Interspinales muscles

The lateral tract of the deep back muscles is represented by the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae).
Erector spinae

The lateral tract of the deep back muscles is represented by the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae).
Rotatores muscles

The lateral tract of the deep back muscles is represented by the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae).
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral tract of the deep back muscles is represented by the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae).

7. Which part of the erector spinae muscle (m. erector spinae) is positioned most laterally?

Spinalis muscles

The iliocostalis muscle (m. iliocostalis) forms the most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle.
Iliocostalis muscles

The iliocostalis muscle (m. iliocostalis) forms the most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle.
Longissimus muscles

The iliocostalis muscle (m. iliocostalis) forms the most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle.
Multifidus muscles

The iliocostalis muscle (m. iliocostalis) forms the most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

The iliocostalis muscle (m. iliocostalis) forms the most lateral column of the erector spinae muscle.

8. Which muscles span across 2-4 vertebrae as part of the transversospinal muscle?

Semispinalis muscles

The multifidus muscles (mm. multifidi) have bundles that span 2-4 adjacent vertebrae.
Rotator muscles

The multifidus muscles (mm. multifidi) have bundles that span 2-4 adjacent vertebrae.
Interspinales muscles

The multifidus muscles (mm. multifidi) have bundles that span 2-4 adjacent vertebrae.
Multifidus muscles

The multifidus muscles (mm. multifidi) have bundles that span 2-4 adjacent vertebrae.
I find it difficult to answer

The multifidus muscles (mm. multifidi) have bundles that span 2-4 adjacent vertebrae.

9. Which structure passes through the suboccipital triangle (trigonum suboccipitale)?

Vertebral artery

The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis) are located in the suboccipital triangle.
Internal carotid artery

The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis) are located in the suboccipital triangle.
Accessory nerve

The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis) are located in the suboccipital triangle.
Occipital vein

The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis) are located in the suboccipital triangle.
I find it difficult to answer

The vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the suboccipital nerve (n. suboccipitalis) are located in the suboccipital triangle.

10. Which muscle borders the suboccipital triangle superomedially?

Rectus posterior minor capitis muscle

The superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (m. rectus capitis posterior major).
Rectus posterior major capitis muscle

The superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (m. rectus capitis posterior major).
Obliquus superior capitis muscle

The superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (m. rectus capitis posterior major).
Inferior oblique muscle of the head

The superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (m. rectus capitis posterior major).
I find it difficult to answer

The superomedial border of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (m. rectus capitis posterior major).

11. Which back muscle, upon bilateral contraction, extends the head backward and, upon unilateral contraction, rotates the face toward its side?

Serratus posterior superior muscle

The splenius capitis muscle (m. splenius capitis) rotates the head to its own side upon unilateral contraction.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle

The splenius capitis muscle (m. splenius capitis) rotates the head to its own side upon unilateral contraction.
Splenius capitis muscle

The splenius capitis muscle (m. splenius capitis) rotates the head to its own side upon unilateral contraction.
Semispinalis capitis muscle

The splenius capitis muscle (m. splenius capitis) rotates the head to its own side upon unilateral contraction.
I find it difficult to answer

The splenius capitis muscle (m. splenius capitis) rotates the head to its own side upon unilateral contraction.

12. Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Thoracodorsal nerve

The latissimus dorsi muscle receives innervation from the thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis) of the brachial plexus.
Subscapular nerve

The latissimus dorsi muscle receives innervation from the thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis) of the brachial plexus.
Accessory nerve

The latissimus dorsi muscle receives innervation from the thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis) of the brachial plexus.
Subscapular nerve

The latissimus dorsi muscle receives innervation from the thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis) of the brachial plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The latissimus dorsi muscle receives innervation from the thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis) of the brachial plexus.

13. Which back muscle attaches to the medial border of the scapula above the spine of the scapula?

Rhomboid minor muscle

The levator scapulae muscle (m. levator scapulae) attaches to the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the level of the spine.
Rhomboid major muscle

The levator scapulae muscle (m. levator scapulae) attaches to the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the level of the spine.
Serratus posterior superior muscle

The levator scapulae muscle (m. levator scapulae) attaches to the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the level of the spine.
Levator scapulae.

The levator scapulae muscle (m. levator scapulae) attaches to the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the level of the spine.
I find it difficult to answer

The levator scapulae muscle (m. levator scapulae) attaches to the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the level of the spine.

14. To which layer of back muscles does the serratus posterior superior muscle belong?

First layer of superficial muscles

The third layer of superficial back muscles is formed by the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles.
Third layer of superficial muscles

The third layer of superficial back muscles is formed by the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles.
Second layer of superficial muscles

The third layer of superficial back muscles is formed by the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles.
Deep back muscles

The third layer of superficial back muscles is formed by the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The third layer of superficial back muscles is formed by the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles.

15. What is the origin of the rhomboid minor muscle?

Spinous processes of Th1-Th4 vertebrae

The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.
Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.
Spinous processes of C7 and Th1 vertebrae

The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.
Spinous processes of C5-C6 vertebrae

The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.
I find it difficult to answer

The rhomboid minor muscle originates from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.

16. Which muscle forms the inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (Petit's triangle)?

Iliac crest.

The inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (trigonum lumbale) is formed by the iliac crest (crista iliaca).
Latissimus dorsi muscle

The inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (trigonum lumbale) is formed by the iliac crest (crista iliaca).
External oblique muscle of the abdomen

The inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (trigonum lumbale) is formed by the iliac crest (crista iliaca).
Internal oblique muscle of the abdomen

The inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (trigonum lumbale) is formed by the iliac crest (crista iliaca).
I find it difficult to answer

The inferior boundary of the lumbar triangle (trigonum lumbale) is formed by the iliac crest (crista iliaca).

17. Which back muscles belong to the suboccipital group?

Splenius muscles of the head and neck

The suboccipital muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, as well as the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.
Semispinalis muscles

The suboccipital muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, as well as the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.
Intertransversarii muscles

The suboccipital muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, as well as the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.
Rectus and oblique muscles of the head

The suboccipital muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, as well as the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.
I find it difficult to answer

The suboccipital muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles, as well as the superior and inferior oblique muscles of the head.

18. Which layer of the thoracolumbar fascia covers the quadratus lumborum muscle anteriorly?

Superficial layer

The anterior (deep) layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (fascia thoracolumbalis) is located anteriorly to the quadratus lumborum muscle.
Anterior (deep) layer

The anterior (deep) layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (fascia thoracolumbalis) is located anteriorly to the quadratus lumborum muscle.
Intermediate layer

The anterior (deep) layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (fascia thoracolumbalis) is located anteriorly to the quadratus lumborum muscle.
Posterior layer

The anterior (deep) layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (fascia thoracolumbalis) is located anteriorly to the quadratus lumborum muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior (deep) layer of the thoracolumbar fascia (fascia thoracolumbalis) is located anteriorly to the quadratus lumborum muscle.

19. Which muscle lies deepest within the medial tract of the deep back muscles?

Semispinalis muscles

Rotator muscles (mm. rotatores) are the shortest and lie most deeply within the transversospinal muscles.
Multifidus muscles

Rotator muscles (mm. rotatores) are the shortest and lie most deeply within the transversospinal muscles.
Rotator muscles

Rotator muscles (mm. rotatores) are the shortest and lie most deeply within the transversospinal muscles.
Interspinales muscles

Rotator muscles (mm. rotatores) are the shortest and lie most deeply within the transversospinal muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

Rotator muscles (mm. rotatores) are the shortest and lie most deeply within the transversospinal muscles.

20. What is the superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus (Lesgaft-Grünfeld rhombus)?

Twelfth rib and inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior

The superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus is the twelfth rib and the inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior.
Iliac crest.

The superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus is the twelfth rib and the inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior.
External oblique muscle of the abdomen

The superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus is the twelfth rib and the inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior.
Latissimus dorsi muscle

The superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus is the twelfth rib and the inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior boundary of the lumbar rhombus is the twelfth rib and the inferior edge of m. serratus posterior inferior.