Anatomy test of the sacroiliac joint

Evaluate the anatomical knowledge of the sacroiliac joint. The test checks sources of blood supply, venous drainage, and pathways of its innervation.

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1. Which artery directly participates in the blood supply of the anterior surface of the sacroiliac joint?

Internal pudendal artery

The lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum and give off branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Lateral sacral artery

The lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum and give off branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Femoral artery.

The lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum and give off branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Obturator artery.

The lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum and give off branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum and give off branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.

2. From which trunk of the internal iliac artery does the iliolumbar artery, supplying the joint, arise?

Anterior trunk

The iliolumbar artery (a. iliolumbalis) is a parietal branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
Medial trunk

The iliolumbar artery (a. iliolumbalis) is a parietal branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
Lateral trunk

The iliolumbar artery (a. iliolumbalis) is a parietal branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
Posterior trunk

The iliolumbar artery (a. iliolumbalis) is a parietal branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
I find it difficult to answer

The iliolumbar artery (a. iliolumbalis) is a parietal branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.

3. Which nerves provide innervation to the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule?

Anterior branches L1-L3

The posterior capsule is primarily innervated by articular branches from the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves S1-S3.
Femoral nerve.

The posterior capsule is primarily innervated by articular branches from the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves S1-S3.
Posterior branches of the spinal nerves S1-S3

The posterior capsule is primarily innervated by articular branches from the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves S1-S3.
Obturator nerve.

The posterior capsule is primarily innervated by articular branches from the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves S1-S3.
I find it difficult to answer

The posterior capsule is primarily innervated by articular branches from the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves S1-S3.

4. Which vein is mainly responsible for the venous drainage from the sacroiliac joint?

Internal iliac vein

Venous blood from the joint is drained via veins of the same name, which flow into the internal iliac vein (v. iliaca interna).
External iliac vein

Venous blood from the joint is drained via veins of the same name, which flow into the internal iliac vein (v. iliaca interna).
Inferior mesenteric vein

Venous blood from the joint is drained via veins of the same name, which flow into the internal iliac vein (v. iliaca interna).
Femoral vein

Venous blood from the joint is drained via veins of the same name, which flow into the internal iliac vein (v. iliaca interna).
I find it difficult to answer

Venous blood from the joint is drained via veins of the same name, which flow into the internal iliac vein (v. iliaca interna).

5. Branches of which artery predominantly supply the posterior surface of the sacroiliac joint?

Inferior epigastric artery

The superior gluteal artery (a. glutea superior) actively participates in the blood supply to the posterior segments of the joint capsule and the ligaments.
Internal pudendal artery

The superior gluteal artery (a. glutea superior) actively participates in the blood supply to the posterior segments of the joint capsule and the ligaments.
Superior gluteal artery

The superior gluteal artery (a. glutea superior) actively participates in the blood supply to the posterior segments of the joint capsule and the ligaments.
The external pudendal artery

The superior gluteal artery (a. glutea superior) actively participates in the blood supply to the posterior segments of the joint capsule and the ligaments.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior gluteal artery (a. glutea superior) actively participates in the blood supply to the posterior segments of the joint capsule and the ligaments.

6. Which of the listed arteries does NOT participate in the formation of the arterial network of the sacroiliac joint?

Psoas artery (iliolumbar artery)

The inferior mesenteric artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and does not participate in the blood supply of the structures of the pelvic ring.
Inferior mesenteric artery

The inferior mesenteric artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and does not participate in the blood supply of the structures of the pelvic ring.
Lateral sacral artery

The inferior mesenteric artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and does not participate in the blood supply of the structures of the pelvic ring.
Superior gluteal artery

The inferior mesenteric artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and does not participate in the blood supply of the structures of the pelvic ring.
I find it difficult to answer

The inferior mesenteric artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta and does not participate in the blood supply of the structures of the pelvic ring.

7. Which nerve plexus branches predominantly innervate the anterior capsule of the joint?

Brachial plexus

The anterior surface of the joint capsule receives branches primarily from the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) and also from the lumbar plexus.
Cervical plexus

The anterior surface of the joint capsule receives branches primarily from the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) and also from the lumbar plexus.
Coccygeal plexus

The anterior surface of the joint capsule receives branches primarily from the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) and also from the lumbar plexus.
Sacral plexus

The anterior surface of the joint capsule receives branches primarily from the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) and also from the lumbar plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior surface of the joint capsule receives branches primarily from the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) and also from the lumbar plexus.

8. Through which topographical formation does the superior gluteal artery, which gives branches to the posterior surface of the joint, exit?

Suprapiriform foramen

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme).
Infrapiriform foramen

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme).
Obturator foramen

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme).
Lesser sciatic foramen

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme).
I find it difficult to answer

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform foramen (foramen suprapiriforme).

9. Which artery involved in the joint's blood supply forms anastomoses with the lumbar arteries?

Median sacral artery

The lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery anastomoses with the lower lumbar arteries, providing collateral blood flow.
Psoas artery (iliolumbar artery)

The lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery anastomoses with the lower lumbar arteries, providing collateral blood flow.
Internal pudendal artery

The lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery anastomoses with the lower lumbar arteries, providing collateral blood flow.
Inferior gluteal artery

The lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery anastomoses with the lower lumbar arteries, providing collateral blood flow.
I find it difficult to answer

The lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery anastomoses with the lower lumbar arteries, providing collateral blood flow.

10. Which spinal nerves give articular branches to the anterior surface of the sacroiliac joint?

Posterior branches T12-L1

Innervation of the anterior capsule involves the anterior branches of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves (L4-S2).
Posterior branches S4-S5

Innervation of the anterior capsule involves the anterior branches of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves (L4-S2).
Anterior branches L4-S2

Innervation of the anterior capsule involves the anterior branches of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves (L4-S2).
Anterior branches T10-T12

Innervation of the anterior capsule involves the anterior branches of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves (L4-S2).
I find it difficult to answer

Innervation of the anterior capsule involves the anterior branches of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves (L4-S2).

11. The superior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus superior) is involved in the innervation of:

The posterior capsule of the sacroiliac joint

The superior gluteal nerve gives off fine articular branches involved in the innervation of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule.
The anterior capsule of the joint

The superior gluteal nerve gives off fine articular branches involved in the innervation of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule.
The sacrospinous ligament

The superior gluteal nerve gives off fine articular branches involved in the innervation of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule.
The symphysis

The superior gluteal nerve gives off fine articular branches involved in the innervation of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior gluteal nerve gives off fine articular branches involved in the innervation of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint capsule.

12. Which branch of the iliolumbar artery directly supplies the iliac bone and the sacroiliac joint capsule?

Lumbar branch

Iliac branch (r. iliacus) a. Iliolumbalis supplies the iliac bone, the iliac muscle, and gives off branches to the joint capsule.
Sacral branch

Iliac branch (r. iliacus) a. Iliolumbalis supplies the iliac bone, the iliac muscle, and gives off branches to the joint capsule.
Gluteal branch

Iliac branch (r. iliacus) a. Iliolumbalis supplies the iliac bone, the iliac muscle, and gives off branches to the joint capsule.
Iliac branch

Iliac branch (r. iliacus) a. Iliolumbalis supplies the iliac bone, the iliac muscle, and gives off branches to the joint capsule.
I find it difficult to answer

Iliac branch (r. iliacus) a. Iliolumbalis supplies the iliac bone, the iliac muscle, and gives off branches to the joint capsule.

13. Where do the postganglionic sympathetic innervation vessels of the sacroiliac joint originate from?

From the vagus nerve

Sympathetic innervation of the pelvic vessels is provided by branches of the sacral nodes of the sympathetic trunk, forming periarterial plexuses.
From the sacral segment of the sympathetic trunk

Sympathetic innervation of the pelvic vessels is provided by branches of the sacral nodes of the sympathetic trunk, forming periarterial plexuses.
From the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Sympathetic innervation of the pelvic vessels is provided by branches of the sacral nodes of the sympathetic trunk, forming periarterial plexuses.
From the celiac plexus

Sympathetic innervation of the pelvic vessels is provided by branches of the sacral nodes of the sympathetic trunk, forming periarterial plexuses.
I find it difficult to answer

Sympathetic innervation of the pelvic vessels is provided by branches of the sacral nodes of the sympathetic trunk, forming periarterial plexuses.

14. Median sacral artery (a. sacralis mediana) in the context of joint blood supply:

Is the main artery of the joint

The median sacral artery (continuation of the aorta) gives off small branches anastomosing with the a. sacralis lateralis around the joint area.
Does not supply the structures of the pelvis

The median sacral artery (continuation of the aorta) gives off small branches anastomosing with the a. sacralis lateralis around the joint area.
Gives off small branches to the joint and anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries

The median sacral artery (continuation of the aorta) gives off small branches anastomosing with the a. sacralis lateralis around the joint area.
Branches off from the internal iliac artery

The median sacral artery (continuation of the aorta) gives off small branches anastomosing with the a. sacralis lateralis around the joint area.
I find it difficult to answer

The median sacral artery (continuation of the aorta) gives off small branches anastomosing with the a. sacralis lateralis around the joint area.

15. Into which lymph nodes is lymphatic drainage from the sacroiliac joint primarily directed?

Internal iliac and sacral nodes

Lymph from the structures of the pelvic ring and the sacroiliac joint drains into the nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et sacrales.
Inguinal nodes

Lymph from the structures of the pelvic ring and the sacroiliac joint drains into the nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et sacrales.
Lumbar nodes

Lymph from the structures of the pelvic ring and the sacroiliac joint drains into the nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et sacrales.
Inferior mesenteric nodes

Lymph from the structures of the pelvic ring and the sacroiliac joint drains into the nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et sacrales.
I find it difficult to answer

Lymph from the structures of the pelvic ring and the sacroiliac joint drains into the nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et sacrales.

16. Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) in relation to the sacroiliac joint:

Is the main nerve of the joint

The obturator nerve transits along the pelvic wall and in some cases can give off fine branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Can give off occasional fine branches to the anterior capsule

The obturator nerve transits along the pelvic wall and in some cases can give off fine branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Innervates only the posterior capsule

The obturator nerve transits along the pelvic wall and in some cases can give off fine branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
Passes behind the joint

The obturator nerve transits along the pelvic wall and in some cases can give off fine branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.
I find it difficult to answer

The obturator nerve transits along the pelvic wall and in some cases can give off fine branches to the anterior capsule of the joint.

17. Inferior gluteal artery (a. glutea inferior):

Supplies the upper pole of the joint

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk and its branches participate in nourishing the lower segments of the joint and the adjacent muscles.
Branches out from the external iliac artery

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk and its branches participate in nourishing the lower segments of the joint and the adjacent muscles.
Passes through the suprapiriform foramen

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk and its branches participate in nourishing the lower segments of the joint and the adjacent muscles.
Participates in the blood supply to the lower segments of the sacroiliac joint

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk and its branches participate in nourishing the lower segments of the joint and the adjacent muscles.
I find it difficult to answer

The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk and its branches participate in nourishing the lower segments of the joint and the adjacent muscles.

18. Afferent (sensory) fibers from the sacroiliac joint:

Travel via the vagus nerve

Sensation innervation of the joint is provided by spinal nerves (L4-S3), whose afferent fibers traverse the posterior roots.
Terminate in the sympathetic trunk ganglia

Sensation innervation of the joint is provided by spinal nerves (L4-S3), whose afferent fibers traverse the posterior roots.
Reach the spinal cord via the posterior roots of the spinal nerves L4-S3

Sensation innervation of the joint is provided by spinal nerves (L4-S3), whose afferent fibers traverse the posterior roots.
Pass through the anterior roots of the spinal cord

Sensation innervation of the joint is provided by spinal nerves (L4-S3), whose afferent fibers traverse the posterior roots.
I find it difficult to answer

Sensation innervation of the joint is provided by spinal nerves (L4-S3), whose afferent fibers traverse the posterior roots.

19. Which statement about venous drainage in the sacroiliac joint area is true?

It has anastomoses with the sacral venous plexus

The veins of the joint are connected with the robust sacral venous plexus (plexus venosus sacralis), providing anastomoses within the pelvic cavity.
It primarily drains into the inferior vena cava bypassing the iliac veins

The veins of the joint are connected with the robust sacral venous plexus (plexus venosus sacralis), providing anastomoses within the pelvic cavity.
It lacks valves throughout its length

The veins of the joint are connected with the robust sacral venous plexus (plexus venosus sacralis), providing anastomoses within the pelvic cavity.
It is completely isolated from other pelvic veins

The veins of the joint are connected with the robust sacral venous plexus (plexus venosus sacralis), providing anastomoses within the pelvic cavity.
I find it difficult to answer

The veins of the joint are connected with the robust sacral venous plexus (plexus venosus sacralis), providing anastomoses within the pelvic cavity.

20. Lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales) usually:

Pass through the posterior sacral foramina

The lateral sacral arteries run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum medially to the joint, giving branches (rami spinales) to it.
They pass to the anterior sacral foramina and give branches to the joint

The lateral sacral arteries run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum medially to the joint, giving branches (rami spinales) to it.
They anastomose directly with the femoral artery

The lateral sacral arteries run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum medially to the joint, giving branches (rami spinales) to it.
They branch out from the external iliac artery

The lateral sacral arteries run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum medially to the joint, giving branches (rami spinales) to it.
I find it difficult to answer

The lateral sacral arteries run along the pelvic surface of the sacrum medially to the joint, giving branches (rami spinales) to it.