Female urogenital apparatus anatomy test

Evaluate the knowledge of anatomy of the female urogenital apparatus. The test examines the topography, blood supply, innervation, and structure of pelvic organs.

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1. The ovary in a nulliparous woman is usually located in the ovarian fossa (fossa ovarica). What structures delimit this fossa posteriorly?

By the external iliac artery and vein

The ovarian fossa is bounded anteriorly by the external iliac vessels and posteriorly by the internal iliac vessels and ureter.
By the internal iliac artery and ureter

The ovarian fossa is bounded anteriorly by the external iliac vessels and posteriorly by the internal iliac vessels and ureter.
By the obturator nerve and artery

The ovarian fossa is bounded anteriorly by the external iliac vessels and posteriorly by the internal iliac vessels and ureter.
By the round ligament of the uterus

The ovarian fossa is bounded anteriorly by the external iliac vessels and posteriorly by the internal iliac vessels and ureter.
I find it difficult to answer

The ovarian fossa is bounded anteriorly by the external iliac vessels and posteriorly by the internal iliac vessels and ureter.

2. Which part of the uterine tube is the widest and longest, where fertilization most commonly occurs?

Uterine part (pars uterina)

The ampulla of the uterine tube constitutes about two-thirds of its length and is its widest portion.
Isthmus (isthmus)

The ampulla of the uterine tube constitutes about two-thirds of its length and is its widest portion.
Ampulla (ampulla)

The ampulla of the uterine tube constitutes about two-thirds of its length and is its widest portion.
Infundibulum (infundibulum)

The ampulla of the uterine tube constitutes about two-thirds of its length and is its widest portion.
I find it difficult to answer

The ampulla of the uterine tube constitutes about two-thirds of its length and is its widest portion.

3. Which statement correctly describes the topographic relationship between the ureter and uterine artery at the base of the broad ligament?

The ureter passes superior and anterior to the uterine artery

At the base of the broad ligament, the ureter passes underneath the uterine artery, serving as a crucial topographic landmark.
The ureter passes inferior and posterior to the uterine artery

At the base of the broad ligament, the ureter passes underneath the uterine artery, serving as a crucial topographic landmark.
The ureter passes medially, parallel to the uterine artery

At the base of the broad ligament, the ureter passes underneath the uterine artery, serving as a crucial topographic landmark.
The ureter and uterine artery do not intersect

At the base of the broad ligament, the ureter passes underneath the uterine artery, serving as a crucial topographic landmark.
I find it difficult to answer

At the base of the broad ligament, the ureter passes underneath the uterine artery, serving as a crucial topographic landmark.

4. Into which venous system does the blood from the left ovarian vein drain directly?

Inferior vena cava

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, whereas the right vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
Left internal iliac vein

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, whereas the right vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
Left hepatic vein

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, whereas the right vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
Hepatic portal vein

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, whereas the right vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
I find it difficult to answer

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, whereas the right vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.

5. Which structure provides the main ligamentous support of the uterus, preventing its prolapse, and is located at the base of the broad ligament?

Transverse cervical ligament (cardinal ligament)

The cardinal ligaments, extending from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls, are the primary support apparatus of the uterus.
Infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovary)

The cardinal ligaments, extending from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls, are the primary support apparatus of the uterus.
Round ligament of the uterus

The cardinal ligaments, extending from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls, are the primary support apparatus of the uterus.
Uterosacral ligament

The cardinal ligaments, extending from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls, are the primary support apparatus of the uterus.
I find it difficult to answer

The cardinal ligaments, extending from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls, are the primary support apparatus of the uterus.

6. Where does the lymph from the fundus of the uterus and ovaries primarily drain?

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

The lymph from the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus drains along the gonadal vessels to the lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes.
External iliac lymph nodes

The lymph from the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus drains along the gonadal vessels to the lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes.
Internal iliac lymph nodes

The lymph from the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus drains along the gonadal vessels to the lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes.
Lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes

The lymph from the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus drains along the gonadal vessels to the lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes.
I find it difficult to answer

The lymph from the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus drains along the gonadal vessels to the lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes.

7. What is the homologous structure to the spongy body of the penis in female anatomy?

Crura of the clitoris

The bulb of the vestibule in females is the embryological homolog of the corpus spongiosum of the penis and the bulb in males.
Labia majora

The bulb of the vestibule in females is the embryological homolog of the corpus spongiosum of the penis and the bulb in males.
Bulb of the vestibule (bulbus vestibuli)

The bulb of the vestibule in females is the embryological homolog of the corpus spongiosum of the penis and the bulb in males.
Labia minora

The bulb of the vestibule in females is the embryological homolog of the corpus spongiosum of the penis and the bulb in males.
I find it difficult to answer

The bulb of the vestibule in females is the embryological homolog of the corpus spongiosum of the penis and the bulb in males.

8. In normal conditions, how is the body of the uterus positioned in relation to the cervix (flexio) and the longitudinal axis of the pelvis (versio)?

Retroversion, retroflexion

The normal position of the uterus is hyperanteversion (bending forward relative to the vagina) and anteflexion (bending the body of the uterus forward relative to the cervix).
Anteversion, retroflexion

The normal position of the uterus is hyperanteversion (bending forward relative to the vagina) and anteflexion (bending the body of the uterus forward relative to the cervix).
Retroversion, anteflexion

The normal position of the uterus is hyperanteversion (bending forward relative to the vagina) and anteflexion (bending the body of the uterus forward relative to the cervix).
Anteversion, anteflexion

The normal position of the uterus is hyperanteversion (bending forward relative to the vagina) and anteflexion (bending the body of the uterus forward relative to the cervix).
I find it difficult to answer

The normal position of the uterus is hyperanteversion (bending forward relative to the vagina) and anteflexion (bending the body of the uterus forward relative to the cervix).

9. Which part of the broad ligament of the uterus serves as the mesosalpinx?

Mesosalpinx

The broad ligament is divided into three parts: mesometrium (mesentery of the uterus), mesovarium (mesentery of the ovary), and mesosalpinx (mesentery of the uterine tube).
Mesovarium

The broad ligament is divided into three parts: mesometrium (mesentery of the uterus), mesovarium (mesentery of the ovary), and mesosalpinx (mesentery of the uterine tube).
Mesometrium

The broad ligament is divided into three parts: mesometrium (mesentery of the uterus), mesovarium (mesentery of the ovary), and mesosalpinx (mesentery of the uterine tube).
Parametrium

The broad ligament is divided into three parts: mesometrium (mesentery of the uterus), mesovarium (mesentery of the ovary), and mesosalpinx (mesentery of the uterine tube).
I find it difficult to answer

The broad ligament is divided into three parts: mesometrium (mesentery of the uterus), mesovarium (mesentery of the ovary), and mesosalpinx (mesentery of the uterine tube).

10. Into which part of the vagina does the uterine opening open?

Into the anterior fornix of the vagina

The cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming a circular indentation around the cervical os, divided into fornices.
Directly into the vaginal cavity, surrounded by the anterior, posterior, and lateral fornices

The cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming a circular indentation around the cervical os, divided into fornices.
Into the posterior fornix of the vagina

The cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming a circular indentation around the cervical os, divided into fornices.
Into the vestibule of the vagina

The cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming a circular indentation around the cervical os, divided into fornices.
I find it difficult to answer

The cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming a circular indentation around the cervical os, divided into fornices.

11. Which artery is the primary source of blood supply to the perineum and external genitalia in women?

Internal pudendal artery (a. pudenda interna)

The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the main vessel supplying the perineum and vulva.
External pudendal artery (a. pudenda externa)

The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the main vessel supplying the perineum and vulva.
Obturator artery (a. obturatoria)

The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the main vessel supplying the perineum and vulva.
Inferior gluteal artery (a. glutea inferior)

The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the main vessel supplying the perineum and vulva.
I find it difficult to answer

The internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the main vessel supplying the perineum and vulva.

12. With which structure does the posterior fornix of the vagina closely border, having significant topographic importance?

Vesicouterine pouch

The posterior fornix of the vagina is covered by the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space), forming its lower boundary.
Rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space)

The posterior fornix of the vagina is covered by the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space), forming its lower boundary.
Retropubic space (Retzius' space)

The posterior fornix of the vagina is covered by the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space), forming its lower boundary.
Ischioanal fossa

The posterior fornix of the vagina is covered by the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space), forming its lower boundary.
I find it difficult to answer

The posterior fornix of the vagina is covered by the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas' space), forming its lower boundary.

13. From which embryological primordium are the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper part of the vagina formed?

Wolffian ducts (mesonephric)

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in women develop into the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.
Urogenital sinus

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in women develop into the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.
Metanephric diverticulum

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in women develop into the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.
Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric)

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in women develop into the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.
I find it difficult to answer

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in women develop into the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.

14. Where are the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) located?

In the deep perineal pouch, adjacent to the urethral sphincter

Bartholin glands lie in the superficial perineal space behind the bulbs of the vestibule.
In the thickness of the labia majora

Bartholin glands lie in the superficial perineal space behind the bulbs of the vestibule.
In the superficial perineal pouch, at the base of the bulbs of the vestibule

Bartholin glands lie in the superficial perineal space behind the bulbs of the vestibule.
On the cervix of the uterus

Bartholin glands lie in the superficial perineal space behind the bulbs of the vestibule.
I find it difficult to answer

Bartholin glands lie in the superficial perineal space behind the bulbs of the vestibule.

15. Which nerve provides somatic innervation to the lower quarter of the vagina and vulva?

Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)

The pudendal nerve (S2-S4) provides sensory and motor somatic innervation to the perineum, including the lower part of the vagina.
Pudendal nerve (n. pudendus)

The pudendal nerve (S2-S4) provides sensory and motor somatic innervation to the perineum, including the lower part of the vagina.
Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis)

The pudendal nerve (S2-S4) provides sensory and motor somatic innervation to the perineum, including the lower part of the vagina.
Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)

The pudendal nerve (S2-S4) provides sensory and motor somatic innervation to the perineum, including the lower part of the vagina.
I find it difficult to answer

The pudendal nerve (S2-S4) provides sensory and motor somatic innervation to the perineum, including the lower part of the vagina.

16. Which muscle does NOT form part of the pelvic diaphragm (m. levator ani and m. coccygeus)?

Piriformis muscle (m. piriformis)

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the lower limb and does not form the pelvic diaphragm.
Iliococcygeus muscle (m. iliococcygeus)

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the lower limb and does not form the pelvic diaphragm.
Puborectalis muscle (m. puborectalis)

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the lower limb and does not form the pelvic diaphragm.
Pubococcygeus muscle (m. pubococcygeus)

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the lower limb and does not form the pelvic diaphragm.
I find it difficult to answer

The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the lower limb and does not form the pelvic diaphragm.

17. Through which anatomical canal does the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) pass?

Femoral canal

The round ligament of the uterus originates from the uterine corners, passes through the inguinal canal, and blends into the tissue of the labia majora.
Obturator canal.

The round ligament of the uterus originates from the uterine corners, passes through the inguinal canal, and blends into the tissue of the labia majora.
Pudendal canal (Alcock's canal)

The round ligament of the uterus originates from the uterine corners, passes through the inguinal canal, and blends into the tissue of the labia majora.
Inguinal canal

The round ligament of the uterus originates from the uterine corners, passes through the inguinal canal, and blends into the tissue of the labia majora.
I find it difficult to answer

The round ligament of the uterus originates from the uterine corners, passes through the inguinal canal, and blends into the tissue of the labia majora.

18. Which part of the female urethra is inseparably linked with the anterior vaginal wall?

Intramural part

The female urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina along its entire course.
Pelvic part

The female urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina along its entire course.
Membranous (perineal) part

The female urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina along its entire course.
The entire length of the urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina

The female urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina along its entire course.
I find it difficult to answer

The female urethra is closely attached to the anterior wall of the vagina along its entire course.

19. What anatomical structure contains the ovarian artery and vein?

Infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovary)

The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that contains the ovarian vessels.
Proper ovarian ligament

The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that contains the ovarian vessels.
Round ligament of the uterus

The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that contains the ovarian vessels.
Cardinal ligament

The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that contains the ovarian vessels.
I find it difficult to answer

The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) is a fold of peritoneum that contains the ovarian vessels.

20. Where on the ovary is the indentation located through which vessels and nerves pass (hilum ovarii)?

On the free edge (margo liber)

The hilum of the ovary (hilum ovarii) is located on its anterior mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus), to which the mesovarium is attached.
On the uterine extremity (extremitas uterina)

The hilum of the ovary (hilum ovarii) is located on its anterior mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus), to which the mesovarium is attached.
On the mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus)

The hilum of the ovary (hilum ovarii) is located on its anterior mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus), to which the mesovarium is attached.
On the tubal extremity (extremitas tubaria)

The hilum of the ovary (hilum ovarii) is located on its anterior mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus), to which the mesovarium is attached.
I find it difficult to answer

The hilum of the ovary (hilum ovarii) is located on its anterior mesovarian border (margo mesovaricus), to which the mesovarium is attached.