Test on the anatomy of the digestive canal and glands

Assess knowledge of the anatomy of the digestive canal and major glands. The test assesses the topography, structure, blood supply, and innervation of the gastrointestinal tract.

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1. Which muscle forms the muscular coat of the upper third of the esophagus?

Smooth muscle tissue

In the upper third of the esophagus, the muscular coat is formed by striated muscle fibers, which are gradually replaced by smooth ones in the middle third.
Striated muscle tissue

In the upper third of the esophagus, the muscular coat is formed by striated muscle fibers, which are gradually replaced by smooth ones in the middle third.
Cardiac muscle tissue

In the upper third of the esophagus, the muscular coat is formed by striated muscle fibers, which are gradually replaced by smooth ones in the middle third.
Mixed muscle tissue

In the upper third of the esophagus, the muscular coat is formed by striated muscle fibers, which are gradually replaced by smooth ones in the middle third.
I find it difficult to answer

In the upper third of the esophagus, the muscular coat is formed by striated muscle fibers, which are gradually replaced by smooth ones in the middle third.

2. Which artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach in its right half?

Left gastric artery

The right gastroomental artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) runs along the right half of the greater curvature of the stomach.
Right gastric artery

The right gastroomental artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) runs along the right half of the greater curvature of the stomach.
Right gastroomental artery

The right gastroomental artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) runs along the right half of the greater curvature of the stomach.
Short gastric arteries

The right gastroomental artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) runs along the right half of the greater curvature of the stomach.
I find it difficult to answer

The right gastroomental artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) runs along the right half of the greater curvature of the stomach.

3. Into which part of the duodenum does the main pancreatic duct open?

Superior part

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct open at the major duodenal papilla, located in its descending part.
Descending part

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct open at the major duodenal papilla, located in its descending part.
Horizontal part

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct open at the major duodenal papilla, located in its descending part.
Ascending part

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct open at the major duodenal papilla, located in its descending part.
I find it difficult to answer

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct open at the major duodenal papilla, located in its descending part.

4. Which lobe of the liver is located on the visceral surface between the fissure of the round ligament and the fossa of the gallbladder?

Right lobe

The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) is bounded to the left by the fissure of the round ligament, to the right by the fossa of the gallbladder, and posteriorly by the porta hepatis.
Left lobe

The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) is bounded to the left by the fissure of the round ligament, to the right by the fossa of the gallbladder, and posteriorly by the porta hepatis.
Caudate lobe

The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) is bounded to the left by the fissure of the round ligament, to the right by the fossa of the gallbladder, and posteriorly by the porta hepatis.
Quadrate lobe

The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) is bounded to the left by the fissure of the round ligament, to the right by the fossa of the gallbladder, and posteriorly by the porta hepatis.
I find it difficult to answer

The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) is bounded to the left by the fissure of the round ligament, to the right by the fossa of the gallbladder, and posteriorly by the porta hepatis.

5. To which blood vessel is the posterior surface of the pancreas’s body adjacent?

Superior mesenteric artery

On the posterior surface of the pancreas's body, there is a groove through which the splenic vein passes.
Portal vein

On the posterior surface of the pancreas's body, there is a groove through which the splenic vein passes.
Splenic vein

On the posterior surface of the pancreas's body, there is a groove through which the splenic vein passes.
Right gastric artery

On the posterior surface of the pancreas's body, there is a groove through which the splenic vein passes.
I find it difficult to answer

On the posterior surface of the pancreas's body, there is a groove through which the splenic vein passes.

6. Which anatomical feature is characteristic of the ileum’s mucosa compared with the jejunum?

Presence of Peyer's patches

Grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) are a characteristic anatomical feature of the ileum’s mucosa.
Thicker wall

Grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) are a characteristic anatomical feature of the ileum’s mucosa.
Larger lumen diameter

Grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) are a characteristic anatomical feature of the ileum’s mucosa.
Higher circular folds

Grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) are a characteristic anatomical feature of the ileum’s mucosa.
I find it difficult to answer

Grouped lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) are a characteristic anatomical feature of the ileum’s mucosa.

7. What is the name of the muscular band of the colon located on its anterior surface?

Omental band

The free band (tenia libera) is located on the anterior surface of the cecum and ascending colon and is well visible upon examination.
Mesenteric band

The free band (tenia libera) is located on the anterior surface of the cecum and ascending colon and is well visible upon examination.
Circular band

The free band (tenia libera) is located on the anterior surface of the cecum and ascending colon and is well visible upon examination.
Free band

The free band (tenia libera) is located on the anterior surface of the cecum and ascending colon and is well visible upon examination.
I find it difficult to answer

The free band (tenia libera) is located on the anterior surface of the cecum and ascending colon and is well visible upon examination.

8. What is the name of the rectal bend in the sagittal plane, with its convexity directed posteriorly?

Perineal bend

The sacral bend (flexura sacralis) corresponds to the concavity of the sacrum and is directed with its convexity posteriorly.
Sacral bend

The sacral bend (flexura sacralis) corresponds to the concavity of the sacrum and is directed with its convexity posteriorly.
Ampullar bend

The sacral bend (flexura sacralis) corresponds to the concavity of the sacrum and is directed with its convexity posteriorly.
Coccygeal bend

The sacral bend (flexura sacralis) corresponds to the concavity of the sacrum and is directed with its convexity posteriorly.
I find it difficult to answer

The sacral bend (flexura sacralis) corresponds to the concavity of the sacrum and is directed with its convexity posteriorly.

9. Where does the duct of the parotid salivary gland open?

At the oral vestibule at the level of the second upper molar

The duct of the parotid gland pierces the buccal muscle and opens on the mucosa of the cheek at the oral vestibule.
On the sublingual caruncle

The duct of the parotid gland pierces the buccal muscle and opens on the mucosa of the cheek at the oral vestibule.
At the oral vestibule at the level of the second lower molar

The duct of the parotid gland pierces the buccal muscle and opens on the mucosa of the cheek at the oral vestibule.
On the sublingual fold

The duct of the parotid gland pierces the buccal muscle and opens on the mucosa of the cheek at the oral vestibule.
I find it difficult to answer

The duct of the parotid gland pierces the buccal muscle and opens on the mucosa of the cheek at the oral vestibule.

10. Which part of the gallbladder directly transitions into the cystic duct?

Fundus

The gallbladder narrows toward the neck (collum vesicae felleae), which continues directly into the cystic duct.
Body

The gallbladder narrows toward the neck (collum vesicae felleae), which continues directly into the cystic duct.
Hartmann's pouch

The gallbladder narrows toward the neck (collum vesicae felleae), which continues directly into the cystic duct.
Neck

The gallbladder narrows toward the neck (collum vesicae felleae), which continues directly into the cystic duct.
I find it difficult to answer

The gallbladder narrows toward the neck (collum vesicae felleae), which continues directly into the cystic duct.

11. Which liver ligament contains the obliterated umbilical vein?

Coronary ligament

The round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis) represents the obliterated umbilical vein, running from the umbilicus to the liver.
Falciform ligament

The round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis) represents the obliterated umbilical vein, running from the umbilicus to the liver.
Round ligament of the liver

The round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis) represents the obliterated umbilical vein, running from the umbilicus to the liver.
Venous ligament

The round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis) represents the obliterated umbilical vein, running from the umbilicus to the liver.
I find it difficult to answer

The round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis) represents the obliterated umbilical vein, running from the umbilicus to the liver.

12. Through which opening does the nasopharynx communicate with the tympanic cavity?

Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is located on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and connects it to the tympanic cavity.
Choanae

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is located on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and connects it to the tympanic cavity.
Isthmus

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is located on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and connects it to the tympanic cavity.
Piriform recess

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is located on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and connects it to the tympanic cavity.
I find it difficult to answer

The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is located on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and connects it to the tympanic cavity.

13. Which cells of the fundic stomach glands secrete hydrochloric acid?

Chief cells

Parietal cells of the gastric own glands produce hydrogen and chloride ions forming hydrochloric acid.
Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Parietal cells of the gastric own glands produce hydrogen and chloride ions forming hydrochloric acid.
Mucous (accessory) cells

Parietal cells of the gastric own glands produce hydrogen and chloride ions forming hydrochloric acid.
Endocrine cells

Parietal cells of the gastric own glands produce hydrogen and chloride ions forming hydrochloric acid.
I find it difficult to answer

Parietal cells of the gastric own glands produce hydrogen and chloride ions forming hydrochloric acid.

14. At the convergence of which structures of the colon does the vermiform appendix originate?

Circular folds

Three muscular bands converge at the base of the vermiform appendix on the dome of the cecum, serving as an anatomical landmark.
Haustra

Three muscular bands converge at the base of the vermiform appendix on the dome of the cecum, serving as an anatomical landmark.
Muscular bands (taeniae)

Three muscular bands converge at the base of the vermiform appendix on the dome of the cecum, serving as an anatomical landmark.
Omental appendices

Three muscular bands converge at the base of the vermiform appendix on the dome of the cecum, serving as an anatomical landmark.
I find it difficult to answer

Three muscular bands converge at the base of the vermiform appendix on the dome of the cecum, serving as an anatomical landmark.

15. As a result of the fusion of which ducts is the common bile duct formed?

Right and left hepatic ducts

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
Common hepatic and cystic ducts

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
Cystic and main pancreatic ducts

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
Common hepatic and accessory pancreatic ducts

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
I find it difficult to answer

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.

16. Which structure defines the boundary between the mucosa of the anal canal and the skin of the anus?

Anoanal line

The white line (linea anocutanea) is the zone where the epithelium of the mucosa transitions into the skin's epidermis.
Pectineal line

The white line (linea anocutanea) is the zone where the epithelium of the mucosa transitions into the skin's epidermis.
Anal columns

The white line (linea anocutanea) is the zone where the epithelium of the mucosa transitions into the skin's epidermis.
White line (Hilton's line)

The white line (linea anocutanea) is the zone where the epithelium of the mucosa transitions into the skin's epidermis.
I find it difficult to answer

The white line (linea anocutanea) is the zone where the epithelium of the mucosa transitions into the skin's epidermis.

17. Which anatomical structure defines the omental foramen (Winslow's foramen) anteriorly?

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Anteriorly, the omental foramen is defined by the hepatoduodenal ligament, with vessels and a duct running within it.
Hepatogastric ligament

Anteriorly, the omental foramen is defined by the hepatoduodenal ligament, with vessels and a duct running within it.
Inferior vena cava

Anteriorly, the omental foramen is defined by the hepatoduodenal ligament, with vessels and a duct running within it.
Caudate lobe of the liver

Anteriorly, the omental foramen is defined by the hepatoduodenal ligament, with vessels and a duct running within it.
I find it difficult to answer

Anteriorly, the omental foramen is defined by the hepatoduodenal ligament, with vessels and a duct running within it.

18. Which papillae of the tongue do not contain taste buds and serve a tactile function?

Fungiform papillae

Filiform papillae are the most numerous, serving a tactile function without taste buds.
Filiform papillae

Filiform papillae are the most numerous, serving a tactile function without taste buds.
Foliate papillae

Filiform papillae are the most numerous, serving a tactile function without taste buds.
Vallate papillae

Filiform papillae are the most numerous, serving a tactile function without taste buds.
I find it difficult to answer

Filiform papillae are the most numerous, serving a tactile function without taste buds.

19. How many premolars (small molars) are there in a complete permanent dentition on one side of an adult human jaw (quadrant)?

One

The dental formula for permanent dentition on each side of the jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.
Three.

The dental formula for permanent dentition on each side of the jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.
Two

The dental formula for permanent dentition on each side of the jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.
Four.

The dental formula for permanent dentition on each side of the jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.
I find it difficult to answer

The dental formula for permanent dentition on each side of the jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars.

20. What structure does the anterior surface of the esophagus in the cervical region border?

Trachea

In the cervical region, the esophagus is situated directly behind the trachea, attaching to its membranous wall.
Cervical vertebrae

In the cervical region, the esophagus is situated directly behind the trachea, attaching to its membranous wall.
Thyroid gland

In the cervical region, the esophagus is situated directly behind the trachea, attaching to its membranous wall.
Common carotid artery

In the cervical region, the esophagus is situated directly behind the trachea, attaching to its membranous wall.
I find it difficult to answer

In the cervical region, the esophagus is situated directly behind the trachea, attaching to its membranous wall.