Test on the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis organs
Evaluate knowledge of the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis. The test covers their topography, syntopy, internal structure, blood supply, and ligamentous apparatus.
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1. Which vessel is located in the fissure of the liver's venous ligament during the embryonic period?
Umbilical vein
The venous ligament (lig. venosum) is an obliterated venous (Arantius) duct that functioned in the fetus.
Umbilical artery
The venous ligament (lig. venosum) is an obliterated venous (Arantius) duct that functioned in the fetus.
Ductus arteriosus
The venous ligament (lig. venosum) is an obliterated venous (Arantius) duct that functioned in the fetus.
Venous duct
The venous ligament (lig. venosum) is an obliterated venous (Arantius) duct that functioned in the fetus.
I find it difficult to answer
The venous ligament (lig. venosum) is an obliterated venous (Arantius) duct that functioned in the fetus.
2. Predominantly, the right gastric artery is a branch of which artery?
Celiac trunk
The right gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra) most often originates from the proper hepatic artery (a. hepatica propria).
Proper hepatic artery
The right gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra) most often originates from the proper hepatic artery (a. hepatica propria).
Common hepatic artery
The right gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra) most often originates from the proper hepatic artery (a. hepatica propria).
Gastroduodenal artery
The right gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra) most often originates from the proper hepatic artery (a. hepatica propria).
I find it difficult to answer
The right gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra) most often originates from the proper hepatic artery (a. hepatica propria).
3. Which structure is adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas's head?
Inferior vena cava
The inferior vena cava and the right renal vein are directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas head.
Portal vein
The inferior vena cava and the right renal vein are directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas head.
Superior mesenteric artery
The inferior vena cava and the right renal vein are directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas head.
Left hepatic vein
The inferior vena cava and the right renal vein are directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas head.
I find it difficult to answer
The inferior vena cava and the right renal vein are directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas head.
4. In what order (anterior to posterior) are the main elements of the renal pedicle located at the hilum of the kidney?
Artery, vein, pelvis
At the renal hilum, the elements are arranged from anterior to posterior in the order: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis (VAL rule).
Pelvis, vein, artery
At the renal hilum, the elements are arranged from anterior to posterior in the order: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis (VAL rule).
Vein, artery, pelvis
At the renal hilum, the elements are arranged from anterior to posterior in the order: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis (VAL rule).
Vein, pelvis, artery
At the renal hilum, the elements are arranged from anterior to posterior in the order: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis (VAL rule).
I find it difficult to answer
At the renal hilum, the elements are arranged from anterior to posterior in the order: renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis (VAL rule).
5. Into which part of the duodenum do the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open?
Superior part
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open at the major papilla in the descending part (pars descendens) of the duodenum.
Ascending part
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open at the major papilla in the descending part (pars descendens) of the duodenum.
Horizontal part
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open at the major papilla in the descending part (pars descendens) of the duodenum.
Descending part
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open at the major papilla in the descending part (pars descendens) of the duodenum.
I find it difficult to answer
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct open at the major papilla in the descending part (pars descendens) of the duodenum.
6. What bends does the rectum have in the sagittal plane?
Pelvic and ampullary
In the sagittal plane, the rectum forms two bends: sacral (concave backward) and perineal (concave forward).
Sacral and perineal
In the sagittal plane, the rectum forms two bends: sacral (concave backward) and perineal (concave forward).
Obturator and perineal
In the sagittal plane, the rectum forms two bends: sacral (concave backward) and perineal (concave forward).
Sacral and coccygeal
In the sagittal plane, the rectum forms two bends: sacral (concave backward) and perineal (concave forward).
I find it difficult to answer
In the sagittal plane, the rectum forms two bends: sacral (concave backward) and perineal (concave forward).
7. Which ligament does not participate in the fixation of the spleen?
Hepatosplenic
The hepatosplenic ligament does not exist; the spleen is fixed by the gastrosplenic, diaphragmatic-splenic, and splenorenal ligaments.
Diaphragmatic-splenic
The hepatosplenic ligament does not exist; the spleen is fixed by the gastrosplenic, diaphragmatic-splenic, and splenorenal ligaments.
Gastrosplenic
The hepatosplenic ligament does not exist; the spleen is fixed by the gastrosplenic, diaphragmatic-splenic, and splenorenal ligaments.
Splenorenal
The hepatosplenic ligament does not exist; the spleen is fixed by the gastrosplenic, diaphragmatic-splenic, and splenorenal ligaments.
I find it difficult to answer
The hepatosplenic ligament does not exist; the spleen is fixed by the gastrosplenic, diaphragmatic-splenic, and splenorenal ligaments.
8. What is the normal position of the uterus called when its body is tilted forward relative to the longitudinal axis of the pelvis?
Anteflexio
The forward tilt of the entire uterus is called anteversio. Anteflexio refers to the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus, open forward.
Retroversio
The forward tilt of the entire uterus is called anteversio. Anteflexio refers to the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus, open forward.
Anteversio
The forward tilt of the entire uterus is called anteversio. Anteflexio refers to the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus, open forward.
Retroflexio
The forward tilt of the entire uterus is called anteversio. Anteflexio refers to the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus, open forward.
I find it difficult to answer
The forward tilt of the entire uterus is called anteversio. Anteflexio refers to the angle between the body and the cervix of the uterus, open forward.
9. What structures bound the angles of the urinary bladder triangle (Lietot's triangle)?
Folds of the mucosa and the external urethral orifice
The urinary bladder triangle is bounded by two ureteral ostia (above and on the sides) and the internal urethral orifice (below).
Ureteral ostia and the seminal colliculus
The urinary bladder triangle is bounded by two ureteral ostia (above and on the sides) and the internal urethral orifice (below).
Internal urethral opening and the apex of the bladder
The urinary bladder triangle is bounded by two ureteral ostia (above and on the sides) and the internal urethral orifice (below).
Two ureteral ostia and the internal urethral orifice
The urinary bladder triangle is bounded by two ureteral ostia (above and on the sides) and the internal urethral orifice (below).
I find it difficult to answer
The urinary bladder triangle is bounded by two ureteral ostia (above and on the sides) and the internal urethral orifice (below).
10. In which mesentery does the appendicular artery pass?
Mesentery of the colon
The appendicular artery (a. appendicularis) passes within the mesoappendix.
Mesentery of the appendix
The appendicular artery (a. appendicularis) passes within the mesoappendix.
Mesentery of the cecum
The appendicular artery (a. appendicularis) passes within the mesoappendix.
Mesentery of the small intestine
The appendicular artery (a. appendicularis) passes within the mesoappendix.
I find it difficult to answer
The appendicular artery (a. appendicularis) passes within the mesoappendix.
11. What are the names of the three longitudinal muscle bands on the surface of the colon?
Omental, free and mesocolic
The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is concentrated in three bands: omental (taenia omentalis), mesocolic (taenia mesocolica), and free (taenia libera).
Free, circular, and longitudinal
The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is concentrated in three bands: omental (taenia omentalis), mesocolic (taenia mesocolica), and free (taenia libera).
Omental, mesocolic and transverse
The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is concentrated in three bands: omental (taenia omentalis), mesocolic (taenia mesocolica), and free (taenia libera).
Mesocolic, free, and haustral
The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is concentrated in three bands: omental (taenia omentalis), mesocolic (taenia mesocolica), and free (taenia libera).
I find it difficult to answer
The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is concentrated in three bands: omental (taenia omentalis), mesocolic (taenia mesocolica), and free (taenia libera).
12. Which structures comprise the hepatic triad in the hepatoduodenal ligament (right to left)?
Portal vein, common bile duct, proper hepatic artery
In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the common bile duct is located on the right, the proper hepatic artery on the left, and between them and posteriorly is the portal vein.
Portal vein, common hepatic artery, common hepatic duct
In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the common bile duct is located on the right, the proper hepatic artery on the left, and between them and posteriorly is the portal vein.
Common bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic artery
In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the common bile duct is located on the right, the proper hepatic artery on the left, and between them and posteriorly is the portal vein.
Proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct
In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the common bile duct is located on the right, the proper hepatic artery on the left, and between them and posteriorly is the portal vein.
I find it difficult to answer
In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the common bile duct is located on the right, the proper hepatic artery on the left, and between them and posteriorly is the portal vein.
13. Which lobe of the prostate lies between the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts?
Left lobe
The middle lobe, or isthmus (isthmus prostatae), is located behind the urethra, between it and the ejaculatory ducts.
Right lobe
The middle lobe, or isthmus (isthmus prostatae), is located behind the urethra, between it and the ejaculatory ducts.
Apex
The middle lobe, or isthmus (isthmus prostatae), is located behind the urethra, between it and the ejaculatory ducts.
Middle lobe (isthmus)
The middle lobe, or isthmus (isthmus prostatae), is located behind the urethra, between it and the ejaculatory ducts.
I find it difficult to answer
The middle lobe, or isthmus (isthmus prostatae), is located behind the urethra, between it and the ejaculatory ducts.
14. The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) is a branch of which artery?
Internal iliac artery
The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) arises directly from the abdominal part of the aorta (pars abdominalis aortae) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Abdominal part of the aorta
The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) arises directly from the abdominal part of the aorta (pars abdominalis aortae) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
External iliac artery
The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) arises directly from the abdominal part of the aorta (pars abdominalis aortae) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Uterine artery
The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) arises directly from the abdominal part of the aorta (pars abdominalis aortae) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
I find it difficult to answer
The ovarian artery (a. ovarica) arises directly from the abdominal part of the aorta (pars abdominalis aortae) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
15. How is the stomach covered by the peritoneum?
Intraperitoneally
The stomach is covered by the peritoneum on all sides, meaning it is located intraperitoneally.
Mesoperitoneally
The stomach is covered by the peritoneum on all sides, meaning it is located intraperitoneally.
Extraperitoneally
The stomach is covered by the peritoneum on all sides, meaning it is located intraperitoneally.
Not covered by the peritoneum
The stomach is covered by the peritoneum on all sides, meaning it is located intraperitoneally.
I find it difficult to answer
The stomach is covered by the peritoneum on all sides, meaning it is located intraperitoneally.
16. Which structure is not adjacent to the anterior surface of the right kidney?
Duodenum
The stomach is adjacent to the anterior surface of the left kidney. Adjacent to the right kidney are the liver, duodenum, and right (hepatic) flexure of the colon.
Liver
The stomach is adjacent to the anterior surface of the left kidney. Adjacent to the right kidney are the liver, duodenum, and right (hepatic) flexure of the colon.
Stomach
The stomach is adjacent to the anterior surface of the left kidney. Adjacent to the right kidney are the liver, duodenum, and right (hepatic) flexure of the colon.
Right colic flexure
The stomach is adjacent to the anterior surface of the left kidney. Adjacent to the right kidney are the liver, duodenum, and right (hepatic) flexure of the colon.
I find it difficult to answer
The stomach is adjacent to the anterior surface of the left kidney. Adjacent to the right kidney are the liver, duodenum, and right (hepatic) flexure of the colon.
17. What are the folds of the mucous membrane of the small intestine called?
Spiral folds
The mucosa of the small intestine forms numerous circular, or kerckring, folds (plicae circulares).
Semilunar folds
The mucosa of the small intestine forms numerous circular, or kerckring, folds (plicae circulares).
Longitudinal folds
The mucosa of the small intestine forms numerous circular, or kerckring, folds (plicae circulares).
Circular folds
The mucosa of the small intestine forms numerous circular, or kerckring, folds (plicae circulares).
I find it difficult to answer
The mucosa of the small intestine forms numerous circular, or kerckring, folds (plicae circulares).
18. Which part of the gallbladder transitions into the cystic duct?
Fundus
The gallbladder narrows, forming a neck (collum vesicae biliaris), which directly transitions into the cystic duct (ductus cysticus).
Neck
The gallbladder narrows, forming a neck (collum vesicae biliaris), which directly transitions into the cystic duct (ductus cysticus).
Body
The gallbladder narrows, forming a neck (collum vesicae biliaris), which directly transitions into the cystic duct (ductus cysticus).
Infundibulum
The gallbladder narrows, forming a neck (collum vesicae biliaris), which directly transitions into the cystic duct (ductus cysticus).
I find it difficult to answer
The gallbladder narrows, forming a neck (collum vesicae biliaris), which directly transitions into the cystic duct (ductus cysticus).
19. What part of the vaginal fornix is the deepest?
Posterior part
The posterior part of the vaginal fornix (pars posterior fornicis vaginae) is significantly deeper than the anterior and lateral parts, and it borders the rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum.
Anterior part
The posterior part of the vaginal fornix (pars posterior fornicis vaginae) is significantly deeper than the anterior and lateral parts, and it borders the rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum.
Right lateral part
The posterior part of the vaginal fornix (pars posterior fornicis vaginae) is significantly deeper than the anterior and lateral parts, and it borders the rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum.
Left lateral part
The posterior part of the vaginal fornix (pars posterior fornicis vaginae) is significantly deeper than the anterior and lateral parts, and it borders the rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum.
I find it difficult to answer
The posterior part of the vaginal fornix (pars posterior fornicis vaginae) is significantly deeper than the anterior and lateral parts, and it borders the rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum.
20. Where does the left adrenal vein drain?
Into the portal vein
Unlike the right, which drains into the inferior vena cava, the left adrenal vein (v. suprarenalis sinistra) drains into the left renal vein.
Directly into the inferior vena cava
Unlike the right, which drains into the inferior vena cava, the left adrenal vein (v. suprarenalis sinistra) drains into the left renal vein.
Into the left renal vein
Unlike the right, which drains into the inferior vena cava, the left adrenal vein (v. suprarenalis sinistra) drains into the left renal vein.
Into the left testicular vein
Unlike the right, which drains into the inferior vena cava, the left adrenal vein (v. suprarenalis sinistra) drains into the left renal vein.
I find it difficult to answer
Unlike the right, which drains into the inferior vena cava, the left adrenal vein (v. suprarenalis sinistra) drains into the left renal vein.
