SYSTEM

Test on the anatomy of innervation of the female pelvis

Evaluate knowledge of innervation of the female pelvis. The test covers the topography, branching of somatic nerves, and autonomic plexuses of the lesser pelvis.

1/20

1. From which segments of the spinal cord does the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) predominantly form in women?

S2 - S4

The pudendal nerve, the main somatic nerve of the perineum, is formed from the anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
L4 - S1

The pudendal nerve, the main somatic nerve of the perineum, is formed from the anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
Th12 - L2

The pudendal nerve, the main somatic nerve of the perineum, is formed from the anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
L1 - L3

The pudendal nerve, the main somatic nerve of the perineum, is formed from the anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.
I find it difficult to answer

The pudendal nerve, the main somatic nerve of the perineum, is formed from the anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves S2-S4.

2. Which nerve plexus passes along the suspensory ligament of the ovary (lig. suspensorium ovarii), accompanying the vessels of the same name?

Uterovaginal plexus

The ovarian plexus (plexus ovaricus) is formed from the aortic and renal plexuses and descends into the pelvis along the course of the ovarian artery.
Inferior hypogastric plexus

The ovarian plexus (plexus ovaricus) is formed from the aortic and renal plexuses and descends into the pelvis along the course of the ovarian artery.
Ovarian plexus

The ovarian plexus (plexus ovaricus) is formed from the aortic and renal plexuses and descends into the pelvis along the course of the ovarian artery.
Inferior mesenteric plexus

The ovarian plexus (plexus ovaricus) is formed from the aortic and renal plexuses and descends into the pelvis along the course of the ovarian artery.
I find it difficult to answer

The ovarian plexus (plexus ovaricus) is formed from the aortic and renal plexuses and descends into the pelvis along the course of the ovarian artery.

3. Which nerves are the main sources of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the inferior hypogastric plexus (plexus hypogastricus inferior)?

Nn. splanchnici sacrales

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici) carry parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments S2-S4 to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Nn. splanchnici lumbales

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici) carry parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments S2-S4 to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Nn. Hypogastric nerves

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici) carry parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments S2-S4 to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Nn. splanchnici pelvici

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici) carry parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments S2-S4 to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici) carry parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments S2-S4 to the inferior hypogastric plexus.

4. Which bony structure does the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) loop around as it exits the lesser pelvis through the infrapiriform foramen and enters the ischioanal fossa?

Ischial tuberosity

Leaving the pelvic cavity, the pudendal nerve loops around the ischial spine (spina ischiadica) and penetrates the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Ischial spine

Leaving the pelvic cavity, the pudendal nerve loops around the ischial spine (spina ischiadica) and penetrates the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Promontory

Leaving the pelvic cavity, the pudendal nerve loops around the ischial spine (spina ischiadica) and penetrates the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Iliopubic eminence

Leaving the pelvic cavity, the pudendal nerve loops around the ischial spine (spina ischiadica) and penetrates the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen.
I find it difficult to answer

Leaving the pelvic cavity, the pudendal nerve loops around the ischial spine (spina ischiadica) and penetrates the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen.

5. Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior parts of the labia majora and mons pubis?

Nn. Anterior labial nerves (branches of n. ilioinguinalis)

The anterior labial nerves branch from the ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) and innervate the anterior part of the labia majora.
Nn. Posterior labial nerves (branches of n. pudendus)

The anterior labial nerves branch from the ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) and innervate the anterior part of the labia majora.
Rr. Perineal branches (of n. cutaneus femoris posterior)

The anterior labial nerves branch from the ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) and innervate the anterior part of the labia majora.
Nn. Inferior cluneal nerves (branches of n. cutaneus femoris posterior)

The anterior labial nerves branch from the ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) and innervate the anterior part of the labia majora.
I find it difficult to answer

The anterior labial nerves branch from the ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis) and innervate the anterior part of the labia majora.

6. The posterior labial nerves (nn. labiales posteriores), which innervate the posterior parts of the labia majora, are branches of which nerve?

N. genitofemoralis

The posterior labial nerves branch from the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus).
N. ilioinguinalis

The posterior labial nerves branch from the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus).
N. cutaneus femoris posterior

The posterior labial nerves branch from the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus).
N. pudendus

The posterior labial nerves branch from the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus).
I find it difficult to answer

The posterior labial nerves branch from the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus).

7. Where is the uterovaginal plexus (plexus uterovaginalis, Frankenhauser plexus) topographically located?

On the anterior surface of the sacral promontory

The uterovaginal plexus (Frankenhauser plexus) is a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus and is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (parametrium).
In the parametrium alongside the cervix of the uterus

The uterovaginal plexus (Frankenhauser plexus) is a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus and is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (parametrium).
In the thickness of the sacrospinous ligament

The uterovaginal plexus (Frankenhauser plexus) is a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus and is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (parametrium).
In the inguinal canal

The uterovaginal plexus (Frankenhauser plexus) is a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus and is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (parametrium).
I find it difficult to answer

The uterovaginal plexus (Frankenhauser plexus) is a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus and is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus (parametrium).

8. By which pathway are visceral afferent (pain) impulses from the fundus and body of the uterus (above the pelvic pain line) predominantly conducted?

Via the pelvic splanchnic nerves to the segments S2-S4

Afferent pain fibers from structures above the pelvic pain line follow retrograde along the course of sympathetic nerves to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Via the pudendal nerve to the segments S2-S4

Afferent pain fibers from structures above the pelvic pain line follow retrograde along the course of sympathetic nerves to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Within sympathetic fibers through the hypogastric plexuses to segments Th10-L1

Afferent pain fibers from structures above the pelvic pain line follow retrograde along the course of sympathetic nerves to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Via the obturator nerve to the segments L2-L4

Afferent pain fibers from structures above the pelvic pain line follow retrograde along the course of sympathetic nerves to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
I find it difficult to answer

Afferent pain fibers from structures above the pelvic pain line follow retrograde along the course of sympathetic nerves to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

9. By which pathway are visceral afferent (pain) impulses from the cervix of the uterus and upper part of the vagina (below the pelvic pain line) conducted?

Within the pelvic splanchnic nerves to sacral segments S2-S4

The structures of the lesser pelvis, located below the pelvic pain line (cervix of the uterus, upper 3/4 of the vagina), transmit pain impulses via parasympathetic pathways (nn. splanchnici pelvici).
Within sympathetic fibers to segments Th10-L1

The structures of the lesser pelvis, located below the pelvic pain line (cervix of the uterus, upper 3/4 of the vagina), transmit pain impulses via parasympathetic pathways (nn. splanchnici pelvici).
Within the pudendal nerve to sacral segments S2-S4

The structures of the lesser pelvis, located below the pelvic pain line (cervix of the uterus, upper 3/4 of the vagina), transmit pain impulses via parasympathetic pathways (nn. splanchnici pelvici).
Within the genitofemoral nerve to segments L1-L2

The structures of the lesser pelvis, located below the pelvic pain line (cervix of the uterus, upper 3/4 of the vagina), transmit pain impulses via parasympathetic pathways (nn. splanchnici pelvici).
I find it difficult to answer

The structures of the lesser pelvis, located below the pelvic pain line (cervix of the uterus, upper 3/4 of the vagina), transmit pain impulses via parasympathetic pathways (nn. splanchnici pelvici).

10. Which nerve provides motor innervation to the bulbospongiosus muscle (m. bulbospongiosus) in women?

N. ischiadicus

The perineal nerve (n. perinealis) from the pudendal nerve innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal layer, including the bulbospongiosus muscle.
N. obturatorius

The perineal nerve (n. perinealis) from the pudendal nerve innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal layer, including the bulbospongiosus muscle.
N. ilioinguinalis

The perineal nerve (n. perinealis) from the pudendal nerve innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal layer, including the bulbospongiosus muscle.
Perineal nerve (from n. pudendus)

The perineal nerve (n. perinealis) from the pudendal nerve innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal layer, including the bulbospongiosus muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

The perineal nerve (n. perinealis) from the pudendal nerve innervates the muscles of the superficial perineal layer, including the bulbospongiosus muscle.

11. Which autonomic plexus provides innervation to the female urethra?

Inferior mesenteric plexus

The vesical plexus, a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus, gives branches to the female urethra.
Ovarian plexus

The vesical plexus, a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus, gives branches to the female urethra.
Vesical plexus (from plexus hypogastricus inferior)

The vesical plexus, a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus, gives branches to the female urethra.
Superior hypogastric plexus

The vesical plexus, a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus, gives branches to the female urethra.
I find it difficult to answer

The vesical plexus, a derivative of the inferior hypogastric plexus, gives branches to the female urethra.

12. Into which two large structures does the superior hypogastric plexus (plexus hypogastricus superior) divide below the promontory of the sacrum?

Nn. splanchnici pelvici

The superior hypogastric plexus bifurcates into the right and left hypogastric nerves (nn. hypogastrici), which descend into the pelvis to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Nn. Hypogastric nerves (right and left hypogastric nerves)

The superior hypogastric plexus bifurcates into the right and left hypogastric nerves (nn. hypogastrici), which descend into the pelvis to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Nn. splanchnici sacrales

The superior hypogastric plexus bifurcates into the right and left hypogastric nerves (nn. hypogastrici), which descend into the pelvis to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Vagal trunks

The superior hypogastric plexus bifurcates into the right and left hypogastric nerves (nn. hypogastrici), which descend into the pelvis to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior hypogastric plexus bifurcates into the right and left hypogastric nerves (nn. hypogastrici), which descend into the pelvis to the inferior hypogastric plexus.

13. Which branch of the pudendal nerve passes under the pubic symphysis and innervates the glans and corpora cavernosa of the clitoris (somatic sensitivity)?

N. ilioinguinalis

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris (n. dorsalis clitoridis) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, running along the dorsum of the clitoris.
N. genitofemoralis

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris (n. dorsalis clitoridis) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, running along the dorsum of the clitoris.
N. perinealis

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris (n. dorsalis clitoridis) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, running along the dorsum of the clitoris.
N. dorsalis clitoridis

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris (n. dorsalis clitoridis) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, running along the dorsum of the clitoris.
I find it difficult to answer

The dorsal nerve of the clitoris (n. dorsalis clitoridis) is the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, running along the dorsum of the clitoris.

14. Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule (vasodilatory effect)?

Nn. Nerves to the cavernosa of the clitoris (cavernosi clitoridis, from plexus uterovaginalis)

The cavernous nerves of the clitoris (nn. cavernosi clitoridis), originating from the uterovaginal plexus, carry parasympathetic fibers to provide erection (turgor).
Nn. anterior labial nerves

The cavernous nerves of the clitoris (nn. cavernosi clitoridis), originating from the uterovaginal plexus, carry parasympathetic fibers to provide erection (turgor).
Nn. posterior labial nerves

The cavernous nerves of the clitoris (nn. cavernosi clitoridis), originating from the uterovaginal plexus, carry parasympathetic fibers to provide erection (turgor).
N. pudendus

The cavernous nerves of the clitoris (nn. cavernosi clitoridis), originating from the uterovaginal plexus, carry parasympathetic fibers to provide erection (turgor).
I find it difficult to answer

The cavernous nerves of the clitoris (nn. cavernosi clitoridis), originating from the uterovaginal plexus, carry parasympathetic fibers to provide erection (turgor).

15. Which nerve structure passes through the female inguinal canal together with the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri)?

N. iliohypogastricus

The genital branch (r. genitalis) of the genitofemoral nerve in women passes through the inguinal canal and ends in the skin of the labia majora.
R. femoralis n. genitofemoralis originate

The genital branch (r. genitalis) of the genitofemoral nerve in women passes through the inguinal canal and ends in the skin of the labia majora.
R. genitalis n. genitofemoralis originate

The genital branch (r. genitalis) of the genitofemoral nerve in women passes through the inguinal canal and ends in the skin of the labia majora.
N. obturatorius

The genital branch (r. genitalis) of the genitofemoral nerve in women passes through the inguinal canal and ends in the skin of the labia majora.
I find it difficult to answer

The genital branch (r. genitalis) of the genitofemoral nerve in women passes through the inguinal canal and ends in the skin of the labia majora.

16. Which area of skin is innervated by the anterior cutaneous branches of the iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus) in women?

The skin of the perineum around the anus

The iliohypogastric nerve pierces the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and innervates the skin above the pubis (mons pubis).
The skin over the pubic symphysis (mons pubis)

The iliohypogastric nerve pierces the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and innervates the skin above the pubis (mons pubis).
The skin of the lateral thigh surface

The iliohypogastric nerve pierces the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and innervates the skin above the pubis (mons pubis).
Mucous membrane of the vestibule of the vagina

The iliohypogastric nerve pierces the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and innervates the skin above the pubis (mons pubis).
I find it difficult to answer

The iliohypogastric nerve pierces the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen and innervates the skin above the pubis (mons pubis).

17. Where are the ganglia of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk topographically located?

On the posterior surface of the sacrum

The sacral sympathetic ganglia are located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
In the thickness of the sacrospinous ligament

The sacral sympathetic ganglia are located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
In the ischioanal fossa

The sacral sympathetic ganglia are located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
On the pelvic surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina

The sacral sympathetic ganglia are located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
I find it difficult to answer

The sacral sympathetic ganglia are located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.

18. What is the source of somatic sensory innervation for the lower quarter of the vagina (below the hymen)?

N. pudendus

The lower quarter of the vagina (somatic part) is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) and is sensitive to touch and temperature.
Nn. splanchnici pelvici

The lower quarter of the vagina (somatic part) is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) and is sensitive to touch and temperature.
Uterovaginal plexus

The lower quarter of the vagina (somatic part) is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) and is sensitive to touch and temperature.
N. ilioinguinalis

The lower quarter of the vagina (somatic part) is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) and is sensitive to touch and temperature.
I find it difficult to answer

The lower quarter of the vagina (somatic part) is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (n. pudendus) and is sensitive to touch and temperature.

19. Which nerve descends into the lesser pelvis, located on the lateral wall of the pelvis in the obturator fossa, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa (fossa ovarica)?

N. femoralis

The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa.
N. ischiadicus

The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa.
N. obturatorius

The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa.
N. pudendus

The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa.
I find it difficult to answer

The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis, forming the lateral boundary of the ovarian fossa.

20. What is the name of the unpaired sympathetic ganglion located on the anterior surface of the coccyx, where the right and left sympathetic trunks converge?

Celiac ganglion

The ganglion impar is the lower, combined ganglion of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunks, lying anterior to the coccyx
Ganglion impar

The ganglion impar is the lower, combined ganglion of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunks, lying anterior to the coccyx
Superior cervical ganglion

The ganglion impar is the lower, combined ganglion of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunks, lying anterior to the coccyx
Stellate ganglion

The ganglion impar is the lower, combined ganglion of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunks, lying anterior to the coccyx
I find it difficult to answer

The ganglion impar is the lower, combined ganglion of the sacral part of the sympathetic trunks, lying anterior to the coccyx