Anatomy test of the portal vein and its tributaries

Assess knowledge of portal vein anatomy. The test checks the topography, tributaries, portocaval anastomoses, and zones of venous drainage.

1/20

1. How is the main trunk of the portal vein (v. portae hepatis) formed in the classical variant?

By the merger of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

The portal vein is formed behind the pancreas head by the merger of the superior mesenteric (v. mesenterica superior) and splenic (v. splenica) veins.
By the merger of the inferior mesenteric and hepatic veins

The portal vein is formed behind the pancreas head by the merger of the superior mesenteric (v. mesenterica superior) and splenic (v. splenica) veins.
By the merger of the left gastric and superior mesenteric veins

The portal vein is formed behind the pancreas head by the merger of the superior mesenteric (v. mesenterica superior) and splenic (v. splenica) veins.
By the merger of the right and left hepatic veins

The portal vein is formed behind the pancreas head by the merger of the superior mesenteric (v. mesenterica superior) and splenic (v. splenica) veins.
I find it difficult to answer

The portal vein is formed behind the pancreas head by the merger of the superior mesenteric (v. mesenterica superior) and splenic (v. splenica) veins.

2. Where does the formation of the portal vein topographically occur?

At the liver hilum

The site of the convergence of the portal vein roots is located retro-pancreatically, behind the head of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
On the anterior surface of the pancreas body

The site of the convergence of the portal vein roots is located retro-pancreatically, behind the head of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Behind the head of the pancreas

The site of the convergence of the portal vein roots is located retro-pancreatically, behind the head of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
In the thickness of the liver's falciform ligament

The site of the convergence of the portal vein roots is located retro-pancreatically, behind the head of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
I find it difficult to answer

The site of the convergence of the portal vein roots is located retro-pancreatically, behind the head of the pancreas at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.

3. What is the syntopic relationship of the portal vein in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Located anterior to the common bile duct and proper hepatic artery

In lig. In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portal vein takes a posterior position, forming the apex of a triangle whose base comprises the proper hepatic artery on the left and the ductus choledochus on the right, known as the "TWO" rule. hepatica propria (left) and ductus choledochus (right) ('TWO' rule).
Passes laterally to the common bile duct and anterior to the artery

In lig. In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portal vein takes a posterior position, forming the apex of a triangle whose base comprises the proper hepatic artery on the left and the ductus choledochus on the right, known as the "TWO" rule. hepatica propria (left) and ductus choledochus (right) ('TWO' rule).
Lies medially to the proper hepatic artery and anterior to the duct

In lig. In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portal vein takes a posterior position, forming the apex of a triangle whose base comprises the proper hepatic artery on the left and the ductus choledochus on the right, known as the "TWO" rule. hepatica propria (left) and ductus choledochus (right) ('TWO' rule).
Located between the common bile duct (right) and the proper hepatic artery (left), behind them

In lig. In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portal vein takes a posterior position, forming the apex of a triangle whose base comprises the proper hepatic artery on the left and the ductus choledochus on the right, known as the "TWO" rule. hepatica propria (left) and ductus choledochus (right) ('TWO' rule).
I find it difficult to answer

In lig. In the hepatoduodenal ligament, the portal vein takes a posterior position, forming the apex of a triangle whose base comprises the proper hepatic artery on the left and the ductus choledochus on the right, known as the "TWO" rule. hepatica propria (left) and ductus choledochus (right) ('TWO' rule).

4. Into which vein most commonly drains the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior) before forming the portal vein trunk?

Into the right gastric vein

In most anatomical cases, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein, less frequently into the superior mesenteric vein or directly at their confluence.
Into the splenic vein

In most anatomical cases, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein, less frequently into the superior mesenteric vein or directly at their confluence.
Directly into the portal vein at the liver hilum

In most anatomical cases, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein, less frequently into the superior mesenteric vein or directly at their confluence.
Into the left renal vein

In most anatomical cases, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein, less frequently into the superior mesenteric vein or directly at their confluence.
I find it difficult to answer

In most anatomical cases, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein, less frequently into the superior mesenteric vein or directly at their confluence.

5. Which veins drain directly into the portal vein trunk before entering the liver hilum?

Right and left gastric veins

Right and left gastric veins (vv. gastricae dextra et sinistra), as well as the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) drain directly into the portal vein trunk. porta.
Hepatic veins

Right and left gastric veins (vv. gastricae dextra et sinistra), as well as the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) drain directly into the portal vein trunk. porta.
Short gastric veins

Right and left gastric veins (vv. gastricae dextra et sinistra), as well as the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) drain directly into the portal vein trunk. porta.
Right and left gastroepiploic veins

Right and left gastric veins (vv. gastricae dextra et sinistra), as well as the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) drain directly into the portal vein trunk. porta.
I find it difficult to answer

Right and left gastric veins (vv. gastricae dextra et sinistra), as well as the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) drain directly into the portal vein trunk. porta.

6. Into which main branches does the portal vein divide in the area of the porta hepatis (门肝)?

Into anterior and posterior branches

Upon entering the liver hilum, the portal vein trunk divides into a larger right branch (ramus dexter) and a left branch (ramus sinister).
Into medial and lateral branches

Upon entering the liver hilum, the portal vein trunk divides into a larger right branch (ramus dexter) and a left branch (ramus sinister).
Into right and left branches

Upon entering the liver hilum, the portal vein trunk divides into a larger right branch (ramus dexter) and a left branch (ramus sinister).
Into quadrate and caudate branches

Upon entering the liver hilum, the portal vein trunk divides into a larger right branch (ramus dexter) and a left branch (ramus sinister).
I find it difficult to answer

Upon entering the liver hilum, the portal vein trunk divides into a larger right branch (ramus dexter) and a left branch (ramus sinister).

7. At the cardiac part of the stomach, a portocaval anastomosis is formed between branches of the azygos/hemiazygos veins (superior vena cava system) and tributaries:

Of the splenic vein

At the cardia, the left gastric vein (portal vein system) anastomoses with esophageal veins (superior vena cava system).
Of the left gastric vein

At the cardia, the left gastric vein (portal vein system) anastomoses with esophageal veins (superior vena cava system).
Of the superior mesenteric vein

At the cardia, the left gastric vein (portal vein system) anastomoses with esophageal veins (superior vena cava system).
Of the short gastric veins

At the cardia, the left gastric vein (portal vein system) anastomoses with esophageal veins (superior vena cava system).
I find it difficult to answer

At the cardia, the left gastric vein (portal vein system) anastomoses with esophageal veins (superior vena cava system).

8. Along which anatomical structure do the paraumbilical veins (vv. paraumbilicales) run, connecting the umbilical ring with the portal vein system?

Coronary ligament of the liver

Paraumbilical veins travel through the round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis), extending from the umbilical ring to the liver.
Falciform ligament of the liver

Paraumbilical veins travel through the round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis), extending from the umbilical ring to the liver.
Gastrocolic ligament

Paraumbilical veins travel through the round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis), extending from the umbilical ring to the liver.
Round ligament of the liver

Paraumbilical veins travel through the round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis), extending from the umbilical ring to the liver.
I find it difficult to answer

Paraumbilical veins travel through the round ligament of the liver (lig. teres hepatis), extending from the umbilical ring to the liver.

9. Into which structure of the portal vein system do the paraumbilical veins (vv. paraumbilicales) primarily drain?

Into the left branch of the portal vein

Paraumbilical veins, passing through the round ligament of the liver, drain into the left branch of the portal vein at the liver hilum.
Into the right branch of the portal vein

Paraumbilical veins, passing through the round ligament of the liver, drain into the left branch of the portal vein at the liver hilum.
Directly into the portal vein trunk

Paraumbilical veins, passing through the round ligament of the liver, drain into the left branch of the portal vein at the liver hilum.
Into the superior mesenteric vein

Paraumbilical veins, passing through the round ligament of the liver, drain into the left branch of the portal vein at the liver hilum.
I find it difficult to answer

Paraumbilical veins, passing through the round ligament of the liver, drain into the left branch of the portal vein at the liver hilum.

10. Where is the portocaval anastomosis located, in which the superior rectal vein (v. rectalis superior) is involved?

In the retroperitoneal space

The superior rectal vein (portal vein tributary) anastomoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins (tributaries of the inferior vena cava) in the rectal plexus.
In the umbilical ring area

The superior rectal vein (portal vein tributary) anastomoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins (tributaries of the inferior vena cava) in the rectal plexus.
In the wall of the rectum (rectal venous plexus)

The superior rectal vein (portal vein tributary) anastomoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins (tributaries of the inferior vena cava) in the rectal plexus.
On the posterior wall of the stomach

The superior rectal vein (portal vein tributary) anastomoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins (tributaries of the inferior vena cava) in the rectal plexus.
I find it difficult to answer

The superior rectal vein (portal vein tributary) anastomoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins (tributaries of the inferior vena cava) in the rectal plexus.

11. Where does the blood from the gallbladder drain into via the cystic vein (v. cystica)?

Into the inferior vena cava

The cystic vein accompanies the artery of the same name and drains into the right branch of the portal vein or its main trunk.
Into the right branch of the portal vein or directly into the portal vein trunk

The cystic vein accompanies the artery of the same name and drains into the right branch of the portal vein or its main trunk.
Into the hepatic veins

The cystic vein accompanies the artery of the same name and drains into the right branch of the portal vein or its main trunk.
Into the left gastric vein

The cystic vein accompanies the artery of the same name and drains into the right branch of the portal vein or its main trunk.
I find it difficult to answer

The cystic vein accompanies the artery of the same name and drains into the right branch of the portal vein or its main trunk.

12. Which vessel collects venous blood from the descending and sigmoid colon?

Ileocolic vein

The inferior mesenteric vein collects blood from the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper part of the rectum.
Right colic vein

The inferior mesenteric vein collects blood from the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper part of the rectum.
Middle colic vein

The inferior mesenteric vein collects blood from the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper part of the rectum.
Inferior mesenteric vein

The inferior mesenteric vein collects blood from the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper part of the rectum.
I find it difficult to answer

The inferior mesenteric vein collects blood from the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper part of the rectum.

13. Which of the veins forming the portal vein collects blood from the small intestine, cecum with the vermiform appendix, ascending and part of the transverse colon?

Superior mesenteric vein

The superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior) collects blood from structures supplied by the artery of the same name (small intestine and right half of the large intestine).
Splenic vein

The superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior) collects blood from structures supplied by the artery of the same name (small intestine and right half of the large intestine).
Left gastric vein = Coronary vein (with right gastric vein)

The superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior) collects blood from structures supplied by the artery of the same name (small intestine and right half of the large intestine).
Inferior mesenteric vein

The superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior) collects blood from structures supplied by the artery of the same name (small intestine and right half of the large intestine).
I find it difficult to answer

The superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior) collects blood from structures supplied by the artery of the same name (small intestine and right half of the large intestine).

14. Where do the short gastric veins (vv. gastricae breves), draining blood from the stomach fundus, flow into?

Into the left gastric vein

The short gastric veins run within the gastrosplenic ligament and drain into the splenic vein (v. splenica).
Into the left gastroomental vein

The short gastric veins run within the gastrosplenic ligament and drain into the splenic vein (v. splenica).
Into the splenic vein

The short gastric veins run within the gastrosplenic ligament and drain into the splenic vein (v. splenica).
Directly into the portal vein

The short gastric veins run within the gastrosplenic ligament and drain into the splenic vein (v. splenica).
I find it difficult to answer

The short gastric veins run within the gastrosplenic ligament and drain into the splenic vein (v. splenica).

15. Which vein, running along the greater curvature of the stomach, is a tributary of the splenic vein?

Right gastric vein = Coronary vein (with left gastric vein) = Pyloric vein

The left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroomentalis sinistra) collects blood from the greater curvature of the stomach and drains into the splenic vein.
Left gastroomental vein = Left gastroepiploic vein = Left gastro-epiploic vein

The left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroomentalis sinistra) collects blood from the greater curvature of the stomach and drains into the splenic vein.
Right gastroomental vein = Right gastroepiploic vein = Right gastro-epiploic vein

The left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroomentalis sinistra) collects blood from the greater curvature of the stomach and drains into the splenic vein.
Prepyloric vein

The left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroomentalis sinistra) collects blood from the greater curvature of the stomach and drains into the splenic vein.
I find it difficult to answer

The left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroomentalis sinistra) collects blood from the greater curvature of the stomach and drains into the splenic vein.

16. Which veins play the primary role in venous drainage from the pancreas and duodenum into the portal vein system?

Esophageal veins

The pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales) collect blood from the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, draining into the superior mesenteric or portal vein.
Short gastric veins

The pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales) collect blood from the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, draining into the superior mesenteric or portal vein.
Left and right colic veins

The pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales) collect blood from the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, draining into the superior mesenteric or portal vein.
Pancreaticoduodenal veins

The pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales) collect blood from the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, draining into the superior mesenteric or portal vein.
I find it difficult to answer

The pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales) collect blood from the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, draining into the superior mesenteric or portal vein.

17. The superior rectal vein (v. rectalis superior) is a direct continuation of which vein?

Inferior mesenteric vein

The superior rectal vein starts in the pelvis and continues upward as the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior).
Internal iliac vein

The superior rectal vein starts in the pelvis and continues upward as the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior).
Inferior vena cava

The superior rectal vein starts in the pelvis and continues upward as the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior).
Internal pudendal vein

The superior rectal vein starts in the pelvis and continues upward as the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior).
I find it difficult to answer

The superior rectal vein starts in the pelvis and continues upward as the inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior).

18. Which veins form portocaval anastomoses on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity (Retzius system)?

Paraumbilical veins with superior epigastric veins

The roots of the veins of the retroperitoneal parts of the colon (system BB) anastomose with the tributaries of the lumbar veins (system NPV), forming Retzius anastomoses.
Left gastric vein with esophageal veins

The roots of the veins of the retroperitoneal parts of the colon (system BB) anastomose with the tributaries of the lumbar veins (system NPV), forming Retzius anastomoses.
Veins of the retroperitoneal sections of the colon with lumbar veins

The roots of the veins of the retroperitoneal parts of the colon (system BB) anastomose with the tributaries of the lumbar veins (system NPV), forming Retzius anastomoses.
Superior rectal vein with middle rectal veins

The roots of the veins of the retroperitoneal parts of the colon (system BB) anastomose with the tributaries of the lumbar veins (system NPV), forming Retzius anastomoses.
I find it difficult to answer

The roots of the veins of the retroperitoneal parts of the colon (system BB) anastomose with the tributaries of the lumbar veins (system NPV), forming Retzius anastomoses.

19. Where does the prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) typically drain?

Into the inferior mesenteric vein

The Mayo's prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) passes over the anterior surface of the pylorus and drains into the right gastric or portal vein.
Into the right gastric vein or directly into the trunk of the portal vein

The Mayo's prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) passes over the anterior surface of the pylorus and drains into the right gastric or portal vein.
Into the left gastroomental vein

The Mayo's prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) passes over the anterior surface of the pylorus and drains into the right gastric or portal vein.
Into the superior mesenteric vein

The Mayo's prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) passes over the anterior surface of the pylorus and drains into the right gastric or portal vein.
I find it difficult to answer

The Mayo's prepyloric vein (v. prepylorica) passes over the anterior surface of the pylorus and drains into the right gastric or portal vein.

20. What physiological principle determines the direction of blood flow in the portal vein system under normal conditions?

From the liver to the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity

The portal vein collects venous blood from the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas) and carries it to the liver.
From paired organs of the retroperitoneal space to the liver

The portal vein collects venous blood from the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas) and carries it to the liver.
From the inferior vena cava to the portal vein through portacaval anastomoses

The portal vein collects venous blood from the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas) and carries it to the liver.
From the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity to the liver for detoxification and metabolism

The portal vein collects venous blood from the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas) and carries it to the liver.
I find it difficult to answer

The portal vein collects venous blood from the unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity (stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas) and carries it to the liver.