Anatomy test of female abdominal and pelvic muscles

Check knowledge of female abdominal and pelvic muscles. The test covers the topography of the pelvic floor, perineum, fascia, and structural features.

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1. Which muscle bundles accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the female inguinal canal?

Branches of m. pyramidalis

In females, muscle bundles analogous to m. cremaster in males are weakly developed and accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
Bundles of m. cremaster

In females, muscle bundles analogous to m. cremaster in males are weakly developed and accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
Fibers of m. rectus abdominis

In females, muscle bundles analogous to m. cremaster in males are weakly developed and accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
Bundles of m. transversus perinei profundus

In females, muscle bundles analogous to m. cremaster in males are weakly developed and accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.
I find it difficult to answer

In females, muscle bundles analogous to m. cremaster in males are weakly developed and accompany the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal canal.

2. What characteristic of the bulbospongiosus muscle (m. bulbospongiosus) is typical for women?

It is not divided into two halves and completely covers the clitoris

Unlike in men, in women, m. bulbospongiosus is divided into two symmetrical halves surrounding the vaginal opening and bulb of the vestibule.
It is absent in women

Unlike in men, in women, m. bulbospongiosus is divided into two symmetrical halves surrounding the vaginal opening and bulb of the vestibule.
It splits, surrounding the vagina and bulb of the vestibule

Unlike in men, in women, m. bulbospongiosus is divided into two symmetrical halves surrounding the vaginal opening and bulb of the vestibule.
It only weaves into the external anal sphincter

Unlike in men, in women, m. bulbospongiosus is divided into two symmetrical halves surrounding the vaginal opening and bulb of the vestibule.
I find it difficult to answer

Unlike in men, in women, m. bulbospongiosus is divided into two symmetrical halves surrounding the vaginal opening and bulb of the vestibule.

3. Which part of the muscle that lifts the anus forms a loop around the vagina, functioning as its sphincter in women?

M. iliococcygeus

The pubovaginal muscle (m. pubovaginalis) is the medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle and encompasses the vagina.
M. pubococcygeus (pars pubovaginalis)

The pubovaginal muscle (m. pubovaginalis) is the medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle and encompasses the vagina.
M. ischiococcygeus

The pubovaginal muscle (m. pubovaginalis) is the medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle and encompasses the vagina.
M. puborectalis

The pubovaginal muscle (m. pubovaginalis) is the medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle and encompasses the vagina.
I find it difficult to answer

The pubovaginal muscle (m. pubovaginalis) is the medial portion of the pubococcygeus muscle and encompasses the vagina.

4. Which muscle is located in the deep perineal space (spatium perinei profundum) in women, encircling the urethra and vagina?

M. sphincter urethrovaginalis

The urethrovaginal sphincter (m. sphincter urethrovaginalis) is situated in the deep pouch of the perineum and encircles both the urethra and vagina.
M. bulbospongiosus

The urethrovaginal sphincter (m. sphincter urethrovaginalis) is situated in the deep pouch of the perineum and encircles both the urethra and vagina.
M. ischiocavernosus

The urethrovaginal sphincter (m. sphincter urethrovaginalis) is situated in the deep pouch of the perineum and encircles both the urethra and vagina.
M. pubococcygeus

The urethrovaginal sphincter (m. sphincter urethrovaginalis) is situated in the deep pouch of the perineum and encircles both the urethra and vagina.
I find it difficult to answer

The urethrovaginal sphincter (m. sphincter urethrovaginalis) is situated in the deep pouch of the perineum and encircles both the urethra and vagina.

5. What structure does the ischiocavernosus muscle (m. ischiocavernosus) cover in the female perineum?

Bulb of vestibule

In women, m. ischiocavernosus starts at the ischial tuberosities and covers the crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis), participating in its erection.
Greater vestibular glands

In women, m. ischiocavernosus starts at the ischial tuberosities and covers the crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis), participating in its erection.
External opening of the urethra

In women, m. ischiocavernosus starts at the ischial tuberosities and covers the crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis), participating in its erection.
Crura of the clitoris

In women, m. ischiocavernosus starts at the ischial tuberosities and covers the crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis), participating in its erection.
I find it difficult to answer

In women, m. ischiocavernosus starts at the ischial tuberosities and covers the crura of the clitoris (crura clitoridis), participating in its erection.

6. Which muscle does NOT attach to the perineal body (centrum tendineum perinei) in women?

M. bulbospongiosus

The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ischiopubic rami and crura of the clitoris, not reaching the perineal body.
M. transversus perinei superficialis

The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ischiopubic rami and crura of the clitoris, not reaching the perineal body.
M. ischiocavernosus

The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ischiopubic rami and crura of the clitoris, not reaching the perineal body.
M. sphincter ani externus

The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ischiopubic rami and crura of the clitoris, not reaching the perineal body.
I find it difficult to answer

The ischiocavernosus muscle attaches to the ischiopubic rami and crura of the clitoris, not reaching the perineal body.

7. How is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath formed below the arcuate line (linea arcuata)?

Represented only by the aponeurosis of the transverse muscle

Below the arcuate line, all aponeuroses of the broad muscles transition to the anterior wall, thus posteriorly covering the rectus abdominis with only the transverse fascia.
Formed only by the Toldt's fascia

Below the arcuate line, all aponeuroses of the broad muscles transition to the anterior wall, thus posteriorly covering the rectus abdominis with only the transverse fascia.
Represented only by the transverse fascia (fascia transversalis)

Below the arcuate line, all aponeuroses of the broad muscles transition to the anterior wall, thus posteriorly covering the rectus abdominis with only the transverse fascia.
Formed by the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus muscles

Below the arcuate line, all aponeuroses of the broad muscles transition to the anterior wall, thus posteriorly covering the rectus abdominis with only the transverse fascia.
I find it difficult to answer

Below the arcuate line, all aponeuroses of the broad muscles transition to the anterior wall, thus posteriorly covering the rectus abdominis with only the transverse fascia.

8. Of which artery is a branch epigastrica inferior, supplying the rectus abdominis from below?

A. iliaca interna

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery (a. iliaca externa) just before its passage under the inguinal ligament
A. femoralis

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery (a. iliaca externa) just before its passage under the inguinal ligament
A. obturatoria

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery (a. iliaca externa) just before its passage under the inguinal ligament
A. iliaca externa

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery (a. iliaca externa) just before its passage under the inguinal ligament
I find it difficult to answer

The inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery (a. iliaca externa) just before its passage under the inguinal ligament

9. Which small pelvis muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen (foramen ischiadicum majus)?

M. obturatorius internus

The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.
M. levator ani

The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.
M. piriformis

The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.
M. coccygeus

The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.
I find it difficult to answer

The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.

10. What exits through the superficial inguinal ring in females?

Round ligament of the uterus

In females, the inguinal canal is significantly narrower than in males and contains the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) and n. ilioinguinalis.
Proper ovarian ligament

In females, the inguinal canal is significantly narrower than in males and contains the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) and n. ilioinguinalis.
Iliohypogastric nerve

In females, the inguinal canal is significantly narrower than in males and contains the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) and n. ilioinguinalis.
Uterine artery

In females, the inguinal canal is significantly narrower than in males and contains the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) and n. ilioinguinalis.
I find it difficult to answer

In females, the inguinal canal is significantly narrower than in males and contains the round ligament of the uterus (lig. teres uteri) and n. ilioinguinalis.

11. Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm (diaphragma pelvis)?

M. levator ani and m. coccygeus

The pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) is composed of the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani) and the coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus).
M. obturatorius internus and m. piriformis

The pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) is composed of the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani) and the coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus).
M. transversus perinei profundus et m. sphincter urethrae externus

The pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) is composed of the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani) and the coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus).
M. ischiocavernosus and m. bulbospongiosus

The pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) is composed of the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani) and the coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus).
I find it difficult to answer

The pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) is composed of the levator ani muscle (m. levator ani) and the coccygeus muscle (m. coccygeus).

12. Which muscle exits to the thigh through the muscular lacuna (lacuna musculorum)?

M. pectineus

The iliopsoas muscle, together with the femoral nerve, exits the pelvic cavity passing under the inguinal ligament through the muscular lacuna.
M. obturatorius externus

The iliopsoas muscle, together with the femoral nerve, exits the pelvic cavity passing under the inguinal ligament through the muscular lacuna.
M. iliopsoas

The iliopsoas muscle, together with the femoral nerve, exits the pelvic cavity passing under the inguinal ligament through the muscular lacuna.
M. gracilis

The iliopsoas muscle, together with the femoral nerve, exits the pelvic cavity passing under the inguinal ligament through the muscular lacuna.
I find it difficult to answer

The iliopsoas muscle, together with the femoral nerve, exits the pelvic cavity passing under the inguinal ligament through the muscular lacuna.

13. Where is the linea alba most wide but thin

At the level of the xiphoid process

The linea alba is formed by the intertwining of the aponeuroses of the broad muscles and is the widest (up to 2-2.5 cm) and thinnest above the umbilical ring.
Above the navel

The linea alba is formed by the intertwining of the aponeuroses of the broad muscles and is the widest (up to 2-2.5 cm) and thinnest above the umbilical ring.
Below the navel

The linea alba is formed by the intertwining of the aponeuroses of the broad muscles and is the widest (up to 2-2.5 cm) and thinnest above the umbilical ring.
Directly above the pubic symphysis

The linea alba is formed by the intertwining of the aponeuroses of the broad muscles and is the widest (up to 2-2.5 cm) and thinnest above the umbilical ring.
I find it difficult to answer

The linea alba is formed by the intertwining of the aponeuroses of the broad muscles and is the widest (up to 2-2.5 cm) and thinnest above the umbilical ring.

14. The lower edge of the aponeurosis of which muscle folds inward to form the inguinal ligament (lig. inguinale)?

External oblique muscle of the abdomen

The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament) is the thickened lower border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis of the abdomen.
Internal oblique muscle of the abdomen

The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament) is the thickened lower border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis of the abdomen.
Transversus abdominis muscle

The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament) is the thickened lower border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis of the abdomen.
Rectus abdominis muscle

The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament) is the thickened lower border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis of the abdomen.
I find it difficult to answer

The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament) is the thickened lower border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis of the abdomen.

15. Which nerve provides the main motor innervation to the perineal muscles (m. transversus perinei, m. bulbospongiosus, m. ischiocavernosus)?

N. ilioinguinalis

The pudendal nerve (n. pudendus), a branch of the sacral plexus, provides perineal branches for the innervation of the striped muscle of the perineum.
N. genitofemoralis

The pudendal nerve (n. pudendus), a branch of the sacral plexus, provides perineal branches for the innervation of the striped muscle of the perineum.
N. obturatorius

The pudendal nerve (n. pudendus), a branch of the sacral plexus, provides perineal branches for the innervation of the striped muscle of the perineum.
N. pudendus

The pudendal nerve (n. pudendus), a branch of the sacral plexus, provides perineal branches for the innervation of the striped muscle of the perineum.
I find it difficult to answer

The pudendal nerve (n. pudendus), a branch of the sacral plexus, provides perineal branches for the innervation of the striped muscle of the perineum.

16. The fascia of which lateral pelvic wall muscle forms the tendinous arch (arcus tendineus m. levatoris ani), from which the muscle that lifts the anus originates?

M. piriformis

M. levator ani originates from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle, which is a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle.
M. psoas major

M. levator ani originates from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle, which is a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle.
M. gluteus maximus

M. levator ani originates from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle, which is a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle.
M. obturatorius internus

M. levator ani originates from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle, which is a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle.
I find it difficult to answer

M. levator ani originates from the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle, which is a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle.

17. To which anatomical structure does the apex of the pyramidalis muscle (m. pyramidalis) attach?

To the pubic symphysis

The pyramidalis muscle originates from the pubic crest and intertwines its apex with the linea alba, tensioning it.
To the umbilical ring

The pyramidalis muscle originates from the pubic crest and intertwines its apex with the linea alba, tensioning it.
To the linea alba

The pyramidalis muscle originates from the pubic crest and intertwines its apex with the linea alba, tensioning it.
To the anterior superior iliac spine

The pyramidalis muscle originates from the pubic crest and intertwines its apex with the linea alba, tensioning it.
I find it difficult to answer

The pyramidalis muscle originates from the pubic crest and intertwines its apex with the linea alba, tensioning it.

18. In which muscle's thickness does the lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis) form?

M. quadratus lumborum

The lumbar plexus (T12-L4) forms within the thickness of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major), from where its branches emerge on its surface.
M. psoas major

The lumbar plexus (T12-L4) forms within the thickness of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major), from where its branches emerge on its surface.
M. iliacus

The lumbar plexus (T12-L4) forms within the thickness of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major), from where its branches emerge on its surface.
M. transversus abdominis

The lumbar plexus (T12-L4) forms within the thickness of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major), from where its branches emerge on its surface.
I find it difficult to answer

The lumbar plexus (T12-L4) forms within the thickness of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major), from where its branches emerge on its surface.

19. In which pelvic fascia's splitting is Alcock's canal (pudendal canal) located?

Fascia obturatoria

Alcock's canal runs along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa and is formed by a splitting of the obturator internus fascia (fascia obturatoria).
Superficial fascia of the perineum

Alcock's canal runs along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa and is formed by a splitting of the obturator internus fascia (fascia obturatoria).
Fascia presacralis

Alcock's canal runs along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa and is formed by a splitting of the obturator internus fascia (fascia obturatoria).
Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis superior

Alcock's canal runs along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa and is formed by a splitting of the obturator internus fascia (fascia obturatoria).
I find it difficult to answer

Alcock's canal runs along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa and is formed by a splitting of the obturator internus fascia (fascia obturatoria).

20. Which structure crosses the deep space of the perineum in women?

Only the vagina

Unlike in males, the deep perineal space in females is perforated not only by the urethra but also by the vagina.
Only the urethra

Unlike in males, the deep perineal space in females is perforated not only by the urethra but also by the vagina.
Rectum

Unlike in males, the deep perineal space in females is perforated not only by the urethra but also by the vagina.
Urethra and vagina

Unlike in males, the deep perineal space in females is perforated not only by the urethra but also by the vagina.
I find it difficult to answer

Unlike in males, the deep perineal space in females is perforated not only by the urethra but also by the vagina.